The declining pattern of agricultural sector in countryside has brought rural economy on the forefront of change. With the growing concern on environment, the rise of knowledge-based economy, the institutional decentralization and the widening varieties of interests and demands, new economic opportunities and threats are opened up towards rural development. Rural areas in England witness a transition towards regionalization. Policies move into the direction where multifunctional character of farming is embraced and agricultural support is undermined. (OECD, 2009) With the government’s commitment to Localism agenda, there is a shift from a “national, sectoral and individualized notion of agriculture to a regional, territorial and collective notion” (Ward et al., 2003:21 cited in Marsden and Sonnino 2008). Uses of rural lands are evolving into a regional context under the changing nature of economic structure, planning, social change and replacing the agricultural productivism approach, which a ‘national’ demand for food production determined rural land (Lowe et al., 1993). The trend of regionalized economy, however, raises pressure on planning to cope with a new and more complex form of rural development. This essay, by reviewing different critique, explores the characteristics and drivers of a regionalized rural economy in England and gives some thoughts to the role of planning in its impact to future development. Economic Diversification The idea of “economic diversification” or “multifunctional agriculture” as part of sustainable development emerges signifying a move away from the traditional view of seeing agro-industry as a separate and unique economic sector, setting apart from local and regional economy (Marsden and Sonni... ... middle of paper ... ... Shucksmith, M., Turner, R., Garrod, G., Lowe, P., Harvey, D., Talbot, H., Scott, K., Carroll, T., Gkartzios, M. and others, (2011). Rural Economies: Incubators and Catalysts for Sustainable Growth. Available from Accessed, 1, p.13. Sharpley, R. and Craven, B. (2001). The 2001 foot and mouth crisis--rural economy and tourism policy implications: a comment. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(6), pp.527--537. Thompson, N. and Ward, N. (2005). Rural areas and regional competitiveness. Report to Local Government Rural Network, Centre for Rural Economy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Ward, N., Lowe, P. and Bridges, T. (2003). Rural and regional development: the role of the Regional Development Agencies in England. Regional Studies, 37(2), pp.201--214. Winter, M. and Rushbrook, L. (2003). Literature review of the English rural economy. Exeter, Centre for Rural Research, 71.
Even though some people think modernizing is the key to a successful economy in the future, it doesn't mean that the farming industry should be reduced to the back burner when thinking about what is contributing to the ever-growing economy. My point here that agriculture is vital to America’s economy and should not altered should interest those who live in farming communities. Beyond this limited audience, however, my point should speak to anyone who cares about the larger issue of making sure agriculture is seen as an important asset that benefits citizens and other industries that utilize the products that are
Curtis's model for sustainable farming is particularly compelling in that it offers an alternative to the usual suggestion that we return to small locally-own...
The biggest factor impacting Rural Australia has been the changes to the economic viability of primary production, one of the largest sources of income for Australia (Australian Government, 2008), affected by globalization, deregulation, privatisation and reduction/withdrawal of services, rising production costs, and ever present unpredictable environmental conditions (Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission Secretariat, 2000).
Veitch, C. (2009). Impact of rurality on environmental determinants and hazards. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 17(1), 16-20.
One of the few economic development strategies that remained was the acceptance of generally undesirable industries and facilities to create jobs. Samara suggests that rural communities were “priced out of contests to attract manufacturers, as local development agencies in more prosperous areas offer[ed] aggressive packages of tax breaks, cheap loans, free land and more” (27).
Zimmerman, Julie. "Rural Poverty: Myths and Realities." Rural Development News. Volume 21. Number 1. Mar. 1997. 4 Apr. 2001 http://www.ag.iastate.edu/centers/rdev/newsletter/mar97/rural.poverty.html.
To sum up, while most of the articles have similar post-structural paradigm --which assume that local and regional factors are crucial factors in understanding agricultural transition— the focus of study, time-space contexts, and purpose of study, are different. The articles provide excellent perspectives and various examples in different time and across geographical boundaries regarding the needs of assessing the complexity of agricultural stakeholders, particularly the struggle of farmers as individual, household, or community (including the food consumers), to adapt with the change of external forces, which influence their livelihoods and interests.
Prof Sukti Chakrabarti, “India’s Rural Market – The Fortune at the base of the Pyramid”: http://www.abesit.in/pdfs/success_through_excellence.pdf
Lyson, Thomas A. "Agriculture industrialization, anticorporate farming laws, and rural community welfare." Environment and Planning A 37.8 (2005).
Rural issues/Problems: The first problem that is seen in the rural population is poverty. . According to U.S. census Bureau app. Three quarter of America is classified as rural residents, in that three quarters 41 % of people in rural area live in poverty. Along with these rural inhabitants ages 20 to 39 reported higher levels of unemployment then those living in metropolitan’s areas during the first half of 2012 (Youth Today). These number show that as time goes on poverty will become more and more prevalent in that population. The main causes for poverty in the rural area is little to no income, high unemployment rates, less job opportunities, and lack of education( Poverty in Rural Areas). Some reason why poverty goes unnoticed in rural communities is it is not...
Carswell, G., 1997. Agricultural Intensification and Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Think Piece. IDS Working Paper 64, Brighton: IDS.
(The Sustainability of Irish Agriculture, n.d.) Sustainability is very important on my home farm. Practices have been put in place that won’t cause harm to the environment. My home farm is a small, family enterprise and I feel that new approaches are needed in order to maintain the farms sustainability status. Non-renewable inputs that are harmful to the environment or to the health of farmers should be minimised. As well as this, farmers have knowledge and skills that could be put into use, therefore substituting human capital for costly external outputs. Sustainable agriculture outcomes can be positive for food productivity, reduced pesticide use and carbon balances. (Agricultural Sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence, 2007) In this essay, I will discuss the principles and practices of sustainable agriculture, identifying how they may relate to my home farm. I will then discuss whether or not present activities can change to more sustainable methods in the
Conversely, sometime there is little integration and diversification in the rural economies when the resort development is not compatible with local capacities. Therefore, it should be keep in mind that to fostering positive effects, strong commitments are necessary for providing provision of education and training opportunities to the rural residents in term to encourage greater involvement of the
...earch and extension, rural infrastructure, and market access for small farmers. Rural investments have been sorely neglected in recent decades, and now is the time to reverse this trend. Farmers in many developing countries are operating in an environment of inadequate infrastructure like roads, electricity, and communications; poor soils; lack of storage and processing capacity; and little or no access to agricultural technologies that could increase their profits and improve their livelihoods. Recent unrest over food prices in a number of countries may tempt policymakers to put the interests of urban consumers over those of rural people, including farmers, but this approach would be shortsighted and counterproductive. Given the scale of investment needed, aid donors should also expand development assistance to agriculture, rural services, and science and technology.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.