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moral ethical and legal factors issues with ICT
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Rationale for the moral claim This paper focuses on the considerations that enter into any moral claim situation in situations involving information technology. The core of the argument of this paper is contained in the following diagrammatic representation of a situation involving moral claim: The case study subject has a valid claim to correction of her data in the computer systems. Data entry in her case was done erroneously and according to ACS Code of Professional Conduct 1.2.4 competence was not deployed and an” endeavour to provide products and services which match the operational and financial needs of your stakeholders values” was sorely found missing.Also according to ASC 1.2.1 public interest was not fulfilled in that there was no distinct attempt to “ identify those potentially impacted by your work and explicitly consider their interests”; there was also no perceived attempt to see inside the sorely distorted social system of the woman, whose pension got reduced to negligible figure due to wrong data entry of her assets & income details in the computer systems Centrelink officials were also insensitive to the 1.2.2 of ASC in that they did not appreciate or “give due regard to, the perceptions of those affected” by their work and made an “ attempt to increase the feelings of personal satisfaction, competence, and control of those affected” by their work. They also lacked professionalism as per1.2.6 of ASC as they made almost no “endeavour to extend public knowledge and understanding of ICT”. The case study narrates of another erroneous data entry and its deleterious consequences which almost doubles the above negative debate concerning Centrelink. The ICT systems at Centrelink are existing withi... ... middle of paper ... ...explained in following source,” At this stage, people begin to account for the differing values, opinions and beliefs of other people. Rules of law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards”. (Kendra, 2014) References Finlay, Stephen (2007). Philosophy Compass 2 (2007): 10.1111/j.1747-9991.2007.00100. Moral Concepts and Theories, (2014). (ESSAY #3). Downloaded on May 20, 2014 from http://www.vmi.edu/uploadedfiles/faculty_webs/mech/hodgestm/courses/me457/moral.pdf. Crain W.C. (1985). Theories of Development. Prentice-Hall. pp. 118-136. ACS Code of Professional Conduct. Various references to its articles. Kendra, Cherry (2014).Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Stages of Moral Development. Downloaded on May 20, 2014 from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/kohlberg.htm
“The computer manual does the technical work for us and makes clear the theoretical simple grounds of the decisions we need to make when use the computer. The common model of a theory of right action, as we meet it explicitly in many introductions to moral theory, and implicitly in the work of many moral theorists can be called the computer manual model.”
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is three levels consisting of two stages in each. Kohlberg’s Theory explains how a human’s mind morally develops. Level one is typically common in younger children. The two stages in level one are pre-conventional stages. Stage one is obedience and punishment driven; one will judge an action by the consequences given. Stage two is out of self interest. Level two is mostly common in teenagers. The stages in this level
I noticed in Piaget stages of moral development Kevin is in the autonomous morality stage. Kevin has realized the rules at school and standards can be negotiated and or changed because his parents can get the school to change the rules or policies for his benefit. On Kohlberg’s stage Kevin, his behaviors can be related to the conventional level stage 4. Broderick and Blewitt describes Kohlberg’s conventional morality as “what is right depends on other’s approval or on the need to maintain social order” (pg. 261). Kevin’s peers react to his negative behaviors is effecting his moral
moral development. In these stages, Kohlberg concentrates on the reasons why people act the way they do; not the way they think about their actions or what action they take, but the reasoning behind their actions.
Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, and Erik Erikson have all determined stages of development which explain how people act and think at different points in their lives. Piaget’s theory determines that there are four stages of cognitive development, consisting of the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage. Each of these has an approximate age range and set of characteristics that explain a person’s general cognitive ability at any given age. According to Kohlberg, preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality are the three changes in moral reasoning that a person will experience throughout their lifetime. Erikson’s theory focuses on psychosocial
They are able of solving problems using reasoning and logic. They can organize facts and events in mature fashion and figure out possible moves and their outcomes. They can also deal with proportions and analogies and reflect on their own thinking. One of the major themes of development is moral development. The most influential research on development was done by Lawrence Kohlberg. It was influenced by Piaget’s cognitive developmental approach. Kohlberg divided Moral development into 6 stages. The first stage is called Preconventional level. During this stage individuals recognize labels of “good” and “bad”, right and wrong, but do not interpret these labels in terms of social standards. The next stage is called Conventional level. During this level individuals make moral judgments based on expectations, whether the expectations are coming from family or society. This level of morality is shown mainly by adolescents and adults. The next level is the post conventional level. During this stage individuals accept and stand by society’s rules and laws but tend to view them in terms of the underlying principles. Individuals may also follow personal ethical principles. This is where they take into account human rights or life and
In Kohlbergs moral stages five & six people begin to understand morals and social good then moral reasoning. Basic human rights become important as well as principles.
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. (2011, September 1). Retrieved September 4, 2011, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson's_stages_of_psychosocial_development
Computer technology brought upon many unexpected ethical issues. When discussing about ethics, we need to talk about the importance of computers and be able to answer questions like: what is the reason for addressing the impact of computers on ethics? In his article “What is computer ethics?” Dr. James Moor analyzed and elaborated the very question. Dr. Moor begins his article by defining computer ethics. In his words, “computer ethics is the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formulation and justification of politics for the ethical use of such technology” (James Moor, 1985). Moor indicated that as computer technology became more entwined with people and their everyday activities, the ethical challenges would become more difficult to conceptualize and do not lend themselves to the development of a static set of rules (Moor, 1985).
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
The moral development of children can depend on many factors. Parenting and upbringing of the child, their environment, social environment, gender, and race are all aspects that can contribute to how a child develops their moral standards and expectations. Many psychologist have tried for several years to develop a theory to how morality is developed. One in particular is Lawrence Kohlberg (1958), his moral development theory is based on the cognitive development of children and it is thought that moral development proceeds and changes as cognitive development occurs (Arnett, 2012). Kohlberg’s moral development theory consist of 3 different levels each containing 2 stages altogether making 6 stages of moral development, as Kohlberg conducted
Olumoye, M. (2013). Ethics and Social Impact of Information Systems in Our Society: Analysis and Recommendations. International Journal of Science and Research, 11(2), 154-158
Tavani, Herman T. "Chapter 4 :Professional Codes of Ethics and Codes of Conduct." Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Print.
Novakovic, J. (2012). Responsibility in Application of ICT as Legal, Moral and Ethical Issues. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.libaccess.hud.ac.uk/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6419151
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.