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The evolution of female characters in american literature
The evolution of female characters in american literature
Feminist movement in Indian literature
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Lowly, ignorant and woman- they both were, as they themselves proclaimed. Whether it was just a humble proclamation in order to escape any kind of censure being what they were –RashsundariDebi, an upper caste woman who had dared to read and write, and BinodiniDasi, an actress, a concubine; or they really felt being so, is for us to wonder. Being a lowly and ignorant woman was both the apparent cause of the self censorship they put upon themselves and also the weapon to guard them against judgments. Writing an autobiography was a courageous task to do for both of them. For Rashsundari, merely the task of reading or writing was a daring act as women of that time were not supposed to do so and to think of writing an autobiographywas more of a kind of rebellion. Rebellious indeed also was the autobiography written by BinodiniDasi, a high class prostitute actress, whom the public loved to watch on stage but failed to respect in real life.
Rashsundari’s autobiography, though it tells the seemingly insignificant and unremarkable life of a housewife, is epochal as it is the first autobiography by a Bengali women and probably the first full scale autobiography in the Bengali language. Her mundane life was woven in a sacred pattern, and thus her autobiography as TanikaSarkar writes, is an example of a modern woman’s devotional quest. A women’s writing is supposed to reflect some gendered evidences like sentimentality and feminine sensibilities which is visible amply in Binodini‘s narrative but Rashsundari choses to do away with them. While Binodini does talk about how she liked to be decked up and how passionate she was about theatre, Rashsundari only talks about her fears and anxieties, the only desire being to be able to read ChaitanyaB...
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... passion with respect was an uphill task,still she had to give up her passion for respect which she did not fully get and writing an autobiography for her was not that easy as it could have put many influential people to unease.Yet she went on and ended up writing about her life as well, though she was asked by her mentor to only write about her life on stage, that too mainly to keep her busy. Nevertheless, they both deserve a salute for their ambitious and courageous effort to take charge of their lives, to decide how they would like to be remembered through their narrative and open their lives up for the public view.
Works Cited
Bhattacharya, Rimli(Ed & Trans). My Story and My Life as an Actress.New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1998. Print.
Sarkar, Tanika. Words to Win. The Making of Amar Jiban: A Modern Autobiography. New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1999. Print
Alexie, S. (2007). The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. New York: Hachette Book Group, Inc.
Alexie, Sherman. The Absolute True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. New York: Hachette Book Group, 2007. Print.
Kothari employs a mixture of narrative and description in her work to garner the reader’s emotional investment. The essay is presented in seventeen vignettes of differing lengths, a unique presentation that makes the reader feel like they are reading directly from Kothari’s journal. The writer places emphasis on both her description of food and resulting reaction as she describes her experiences visiting India with her parents: “Someone hands me a plate of aloo tikki, fried potato patties filled with mashed channa dal and served with a sweet and a sour chutney. The channa, mixed with hot chilies and spices, burns my tongue and throat” (Kothari). She also uses precise descriptions of herself: “I have inherited brown eyes, black hair, a long nose with a crooked bridge, and soft teeth
Hess, Linda. Rejecting Sita: Indian Responses to the Ideal Man's Cruel Treatment of His Ideal Wife. Vol. 67. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Print.
Be that as it may, Deshpande makes gender central to her writings. Her works deal not only with ordinary women in ordinary, urban situations but stem from a firm belief that our lives are to a great extent governed by gender. Women she feels, have not participated in the process of word-making; the stories myths and legends in our Puranas, epics and kathsa have been written by men. Deshpande feels that women never start with a picture of themselves on a clean slate, their self-image honed by the hegemonic influences of myths, movies and current-day soap operas. She sees herself as a writer whose writing comes Deshpande’s real concern is to explore the root cause of the fragmentation and dichotomy of her characters and to observe what happens
Nanda, Serena. Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub., 1990. Print.
...ent of Bibi Haldar," an almost frightening story burnished with a bit of absurdity set in India. Bibi Haldar, a woman who "suffered from an ailment that baffled family, friends, priests, palmists, spinsters, gem therapists, prophets, and fools," is so much a victim of her culture that when "anticipation began to plague her with such ferocity...the thought of a husband, on which all her hopes were pinned, threatened at times to send her into another attack”.
Though varied in cultural they share a deep interest in evolving female culture and liberation of women. Our thesis mainly focused on her one of the novel “The hero’s walk” which mainly deals with Diasporic sensibility like “The hero’s walk”, “Tamarind Mem” And “Can You Hear the Night Bird Cell?” Written by her also deals with the same theme of Diasporic sensibility “Tamarind Mem” (1997) grew out of her university thesis. Her novels deal with the complexities of Indian family life and with the split that emerges when Indian move to the west. Her first novel “Tamarind Mem” deal with pungent sugary home sickness of her Indian sensibility portraying her memories of her past days, depicting the descriptions of Indian domestic life. Her second novel “The Hero’s Walk” could be the best illustration to her alien feeling which was clod in a fine garb of refinement. And also she has portrayed the clash between the cultural of East and west. She attempts to explore the nuances of Diasporic consciousness by the quait portrayal of woman characters. Badami’s third novel “Can You Hear the Night Bird Call?” Explores the golden Temple slaughter and the Air India Bombing was set against the back drop of Punjab division “Can You Hear the Night Bird Call?” Could be branded as a historical novel, as the plot conveniently moves between India and Canada in 1947. It tries to explore the
The opening of the poem the woman is explaining why painting her nails red is sophisticated “Because a bit of colour is a public service”(1). In line two Satyamurti calls attention to the role of women in the society and in the family- that while they are not being paid for work they do everyday of their lives, it should not be neglected. She acknowledges by “Because I am proud of my hands”, she is explaining that women ar...
In this chapter Mahasweta Devi’s anthology of short stories entitled Breast Stories to analyze representations of violence and oppression against women in name of gender. In her Breast Stories, Devi twice evokes female characters from ancient Hindu mythology, envisions them as subalterns in the imagined historical context and, creates a link with the female protagonists of her short stories. As the title suggests, Breast Stories is a trilogy of short stories; it has been translated and analyzed by Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak and, in Spivak’s view, the ‘breast’ of a woman in these stories becomes the instrument of a brutal condemnation of patriarchy. Indeed, breast can be construed as the motif for violence in the three short stories “Draupadi,” “Breast-Giver,” and “Behind the Bodice,”
Sandhu, Sarbjit K. The Image of Woman in the Novels of Shashi Deshpande. New Delhi: Prestige, 1991.
Anchita Ghatak, writes, ‘A Life Long Ago chronicles, through family memories, the changes affecting post colonial South Asia…It also raises some important questions about class, caste, community, religion and gender that continue to trouble us in contemporary times” (vii-ix). In very cryptic and short chapters the writer unveils storehouse of humanity deep within her own heart. Simplicity of narration is her best ornament to reach the largest part of humanity and farthest core of the reader’s mind reviving their ethical sense. Humanism stands for two basic values: first and foremost, love of fellow beings and solidarity of mankind without distinction of race, caste, creed or nationality and second intellectual integrity and scientific spirit according to which all beliefs however firmly held, are liable to modification or rejection in the light of further knowledge and experience. In chapter one, the narrator, a little girl of ten years of a Hindu family describes her kinship with Majam Dada who proves what true humanism is and how love of fellow beings can win over all barriers of caste, class or even distance. The first chapter opens with the news of Dada’s death, “For fifty years, I had been oblivious to the frozen tears inside. And those tears were now streaming down my face”(1; ch. 1) Such was the bond of humanity among the writer and Majam dada that the narrator at her very tender age could easily make out that her foster mother who was
Mahasweta Devi, always writes for deprived section of people. She is a loving daughter, a clerk, a lecturer, a journalist, an editor, a novelist, a dramatist and above all an ardent social activist. Her stories bring to the surface not only the misery of the completely ignored tribal people, but also articulate the oppression of w...
Indian Writing in English has a special status in English Literature owing to its treatment of women characters. Short stories help the writers to project select characters in an impressive way to the readers. In Indian context the status of woman in a society and her treatment is very different from those of her European or American counterparts. Women are depicted both as a good and evil in literature by various writers. However, in no literature is a women stereotyped as was done in Indian literature. Away from the mythical stereotyping of women, Ruskin Bond portrayed his women in a different way. The female characters of his short stories range from a small child to a grandmother. These characters are as powerful as men and have left a strong impression on the readers. I have chosen following eight short stories for the critical analysis of Ruskin Bond’s Women in this paper.