21) Explain the rebellions in Massachusetts and New York after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
In 1686, the former Duke of York combined New York, New Jersey and New England into the Dominion in order to facilitate the illegal trading activities. Sir Andros was appointed as governor. When King James II was still in power, he removed all the colonial legislative powers so that Andros could rule with absolute power. His rule was highly unpopular in Massachusetts and when the word of the Glorious Revolution reached Boston in 1688, a mob that had been organized by political officials arrested Andros and restored to their pre-dominion state. Uprisings also started in New York, where an angry mob seized Fort James and wanted to await the arrival of William and Mary in New York. This and the Massachusetts incident were part of the Leisler’s Rebellion. Leisler was elected as governor of New York from 1689-1691 after these series of unrest.
(22) Explain Peter Zenger’s trial and how it led to freedom of the press in the colonies.
Peter Zenger was an immigrant who had come to America from Germany to become an apprentice printer under the guidance of William Bradford. In 1733, New York Colonial Governor William Cosby prosecuted the acting governor Rip Van Dam and removed Chief Justice Lewis Morris from the courts. This controversy led to the political opposition of many groups. The people in favor of Cosby set up their own paper in defense. When he had become the editor for this New York Weekly Journal, he was accused of writing false information about some of the colonial officials. His papers were burned and he was put on trail charged with “seditious libel”. His lawyer Andrew Hamilton argued in defense that Zenger’s writings were not arbitrary defaming of Cosby unless they were false. After having proven them to be true, the judges reached the verdict of not guilty. His trail proved to be a victory for justifying the rights to press and speech. The right to the freedom of press was cited by the protesters against the Stamp Act.
(23) Explain the Salem Witch trials.
In the village of Salem, or present day Danver, Massachusetts, a group of girls were accused of practicing witchcraft as well as being possessed by the Devil. This controversy rose largely from the overly religious community. The irregular behavior of these girls convinced the leading Puritan pastor, Reverend Matther to begin a series of witch hunts.
A group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. The women were the main targets of this for women at the time had little voice and if a man said that a woman was possessed then that woman was. Another instance of discrimination was at Tituba, Abby had blamed her because she knew no one would believe Tituba for she was black and a slave so if she didnt go with what Abby said no one would believe her and she would be hung. Then there was the rich against the poor aspect the wealthy landowners would have their daughters accuse neighbors of demon worship so that they could acquire the
The American Revolution started in the year 1765, when the Colonists rejected the Parliament of Great Britain to tax them without representation and ended in 1783 with the peace treaty with Britain; Treaty of Paris. But a lot of major events occurred in the colonies before the American Revolution could be over and these events would result in series of social, political, and intellectual transformation in American history. In his book, The Minutemen and Their World, Robert Gross’s describes the lives of people in Concord, Massachusetts before, during and, after the American Revolution, where much of these events took place and changed the way of life people lived in Concord. He goes through a very brief detailed aspects of colonial life in
During the early 1800s, two parties were developed having different perspectives on government and the Constitution. The Democratic Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, were always characterized by following the strict construction of the constitution. The Federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton, were characterized by following the broad construction of the constitution. The presidencies of Jefferson and Madison proved this characterization to be somewhat accurate. Although the Democratic Republicans and the Federalists did support their own ideas and views, they also did many things that contradicted them.
Daniel Horsmanden’s Journal of the Proceedings was written with a specific purpose in mind which he openly acknowledges in his introduction. Horsmanden claims that it was for “the public benefit” (Zabin, p.46) and inspired by the fact that some individuals believed “there was no plot at all” (Zabin, p.45). He hoped that by displaying the facts of the case he could prove to the people of New York City that the proceedings were just and that there was a great need to keep close supervision on their African slaves (Zabin, p.45). Having such an obvious bias the Journal is far from a perfect historical record of events, but under close examination Horsmanden’s account gives a vast amount of insight into the sharp divisions that characterized eighteenth century New York and can help explain why the people were so ready to believe in such a grandiose conspiracy. One can even see ways in which the conspiracy brought New Yorkers together and how it drove them apart.
Evaluate the relative importance of two of the following as factors prompting Americans to rebel in 1776.
Throughout history it has been shown that, history has a tendency to repeat itself. In 1692, men and women were accused of witchcraft, whether they were guilty or not. The place where this was occurring was, Salem, Massachusetts, a city full of puritans who came from Europe. Witchcraft was the one of the worst crimes any individual could commit. This often times led to people being hanged or exiled from the church.
The Salem Witch trials were when hundreds of citizens of Salem, Massachusetts were put on trial for devil-worship or witchcraft and more than 20 were executed in 1692. This is an example of mass religion paranoia. The whole ordeal began in the home of Reverend Samuel Parris. People soon began to notice strange behavior from Parris’s slave, Tituba, and his daughters. Many claimed to have seen Parris’s daughters doing back magic dances in the woods, and fall to the floor screaming hysterically. Not so long after, this strange behavior began to spread across Salem.
“Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.”, Exodus 22:18. In 1692 , in Salem Massachusetts , the Puritans believed everything in the bible, they also believed in witches and that witches should not be able to live.There were at least 3 causes for the Salem witch trial hysteria. There are: age, gender, and marital status , lying girls, and a divided town.
“The United States emerged from a virulent, intense, and inhumane civil war and evolved into a new nation during this period. This transition was the culmination of political, economic, social, and cultural movements which transformed the nation. E Pluribus Unum - out of many United States, one nation; the United States was forged in the cauldron of these revolutions." -Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History
The American revolution was a reaction to unfavorable tax policies from the King of England. When the King of England began to infringe on the colonists’ liberties, leaders inspired by the enlightenment grouped together to defend the rights of the American colonies. As Thomas Jefferson writes in the Declaration of Independence, “History of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries ad usurpations,
Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparison to those in Scotland, France, or Germany (Hall 3). Though the trials in Salem were smaller, people recognize the Salem Witch Trials as one of the worst times in American history (“Witch Madness” 4). The Puritans believed that the Devil was alive in their community (“Witch Madness” 2). The accusations started in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts when young Puritan girls were found using magic. The Salem Witch Trials began when Betty Paris, Abigail Williams, and some of their friends began to act strange with odd fits (Hall 1). Because many mental and emotional disorders were not understood, the people of Salem believed it was the work of witchcraft. When sickness or even misfortune came, the most
The years after the civil war left one half of America, the north, satisfied and the other half, the south, mostly dissatisfied. Therefore the last third of the nineteenth century, 1865-1900, was a time period in which America was mending, repairing, improving, reshaping, and reconstructing its society, economy, culture, and policies. Basically it was changing everything it stood for. This continual change can be seen in the following events that took place during this time. These events are both causes and effects of why America is what it is today. These are some examples: the reconstruction of the south, the great movement towards the west, the agricultural revolution, the rise of industrialism, the completion of the transcontinental railroad, and America's growth to gaining world power. All of these are reasons and events that characterize America as being an ever-changing nation.
Tensions were reaching a new high in the colonies before the Revolutionary war. The people in the colonies were tired of being ruled by a monarchy that was so far away, and were fed up with the horrible taxation that Britain had started to enforce upon all our goods and trade. I myself was beyond outraged because I had never truly liked the government we followed but now was worse then I had ever seen, probably worse than that of what my ancestors had to deal with. One thing was for certain, something major was bound to happen.
1. The Proclamation of 1763 portrayed an example of a British action that brought forth change to the majority colonial viewpoint leading to the Revolutionary War (121). See, after the warlike situation between Britain and Pontiac’s tribe, the London government decided it was a good idea to create an act that basically gave the Native Indians some space – no American colonists were to go past the Appalachians (121). As you could imagine, this did not settle well with the colonists: why did they have to obey some British law? Consequently, a form of rebellion resulted as the colonists poured themselves onto the trail leading to where they were restricted from going (121).
The Glorious revolution was a changing point in the course of history. It was the first revolution of its kind which led to many more like the American revolution. There were many similarities between the Glorious and American revolution, John Locke played a key role in both revolutions, and Locke’s ideas were mirrored in the Declaration of Independence.