Globalization is a set a mechanisms that are altering the world order, thus escalating worldwide social relations. There are hundreds, if not thousands of ways in which globalization can be defined since it is altering every aspect of life. Nevertheless, when examining the universal structure of the global order; the world is divided into two categories the core and periphery (Steif). Basically, the world is divided per national development. In the case of inter-group relations, core states could be considered the in-group because they are directly benefiting from globalization and global wealth, hence the world powers (Steif). In contrast, periphery states can be considered the outer-group because these states have not shared in developmental advantages (Steif). The global structure of categorization per development has allowed the inter-group to be determined through capitalist pursuit and resource nationalism. Furthermore, these policies have transformed the social and economic order of the developmental states. For instance, the American culture is known to be considered the culture of consumerism. Basically, social, economic and political policies shape each other; ultimately, influencing social identity of its citizens. Furthermore, on average the core states consist of mostly western nations that share in the same political and economic structure of development. With this said, this paper will define globalization as the process of westernization and modernization and its influence in the inter-group and outer-group conflict.
Westernization has become a dominant social process in which is converting non-western tradition and culture towards more western practices (Lal). On the other hand, modernization is the political a...
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Turner’s thesis concerning western civilization highlights exactly what I pictured to be western culture. The western world was simple. It allowed endless freedom. It provided opportunity for something new. It provided religious and educational opportunities. The movement toward the west was the beginning of something great.
Sedgwick, M. (2004). Al-Qaeda and the nature of religious terrorism. Terrorism and Policical Violence, 16(4), 795-814.
Westernisation is touching all spheres of life, not only in politics and economics, but also in
Christianity has been in America since the Colonial Era (1600’s - 1700’s), and for over three centuries has dominated and deeply engrained itself into American Society . Islam, however, has only been introduced recently, and this has caused Islamic Believers (or Muslims) residing in America to be misinterpreted. After the September 11 bombings in 2001, there was a huge hatred for Muslims as they were interpreted as a religion that promotes destruction in the name of ‘Jihad’, or as it is often mistranslated as ‘Holy war’ . Although, the meaning of ‘Jihad’ is much wider than just ‘Holy war’, it is an internal struggle, within each Muslim, “…to be a good Muslim as well as advance the cause of Islam.” The Western understanding of ‘jihad’ however has been twisted to become related to terrorism. Whereas, Christians claim to promote the qualities of hard-work, honesty and moderation, and are therefore highly thought of in American Society, not only because of their supposed all encompassing teachings, but also because of their dominance as a religion in the Western World.
“The concept of modernization comes from a view of societies as having a standard uni-linear evolutionary pattern, as described in the social evolutionism theories” (Modernization). Modernization is the process of transition from a traditional and pre-modern society to a modern society. Societies must follow this process to achieve modernity. Also, urbanization and industrialization are two other processes that are linked to modernization. It can be said that thesetwo are the vehicles for the achievement of modernity.From the 16th to 19th century, modernization was introduced in European countries (Twente)through a long process of war making and state making. Europeans build up their military, economy, and culture via this process and became modernized countries. Then in 20th century, the term modernization was transferred to the whole world. Modernization theory was used very well in some countries which were eager for the rapid development including Japan.By looking at the history of modernization in the whole world, we cognize that the process of modernization succeed in some societies but failed in some other societies despite of their effort to apply the process. Afghanistan is one of those countries that has actually failed in the process of modernization; however Japan is an example of countries who have succeed in becoming a modernized society. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of modernization theories that have failed in Afghanistan but were successful in Japan and obstacles that this process faced in Afghanistan.
Westernization is a theme that consistently reappears throughout world history. As countries develop, not only do they face the difficult task of creating their own stability, but as western countries push for international dominance, they struggle with sustaining their identity. In contrast to this, some nations see the benefits of westernization as outweighing its cons, and welcome the western influence with open arms. For some nations, this decision was forced upon them. For others, despite their desire to stay with their cultural originality, economic needs and social pressures forced them to accept the Western style.
The idea of Modernization is relatively new which was defined by French philosopher Marquis de Condorcet in 18th century, the theory was based on the idea that the people could develop and change their society. Furthermore, Modernization can be defined as the process of transformation from a traditional society to a modern society. Hence, Modernization is the key concerning openness to new experiences regarding both people and behaviors, and is shift in allegiance from those individuals in traditional authority structures (e.g. Khans, religious leaders) to those representing modern institutions (e.g. government leaders). On the other hand, development is the process of gradual growth in a state, those countries who carried out the four aspects of state building managed to develop their states and become modernize while others failed.
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The next theory is the modernization theory, which is the basis for the rest of the essay. The modernization theory is that since the West led the push to modernization, many components of Western culture are embedded in modern society. “As the first civilization to modernize, the West is the first to have fully acquired the culture of modernity.” This theory also heavily relies on the idea that in order to modernize, the country must Westernize and lose its traditional culture. It is then proposed that although in present day many societies are modern, it does not mean they are all the same.
Japan had seen the Western advances in China and knew that it had to transform their society. Japan knew about Western thought through the ongoing contact with the Dutch even during the Japanese isolation. Theodore Van Laue in his document The world Revolution of Westernization, 1987 explains Westernization as ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, and military technologies that have come from Europe. Modernization and Nationalism are two terms that are associated with Westernization. Modernization is a similar theory that applies to Japan because it refers to the transition from traditional to a modern society and nationalism was seen as a Western movement because it was brought on by the Meiji period to promote unity and patriotism. There are many
After the cold war, word ‘globalization’ was commonly used at a time of unprecedented interconnectedness when advanced nations experienced a ruthless development by exploiting energy resources and stressing culture forms in developing countries. To identify the definition of ‘globalization’, it is significant to clarify its appearance as well as implication.
To explore issues of modernization theory, the essay will first attempt to highlight the meaning of the term modernization from different perspectives, which is then followed by a discussion of the context in which the theory developed. The main aim of this paper is discuss the limitations of modernization theory. Then it will focus on some basic objections embedded in the theory that offer critiques from many development studies scholars. This will be done by focusing on the key points which are social, and cultural significances. The last step of the essay will be the idea of the writer about modernization theory.
The contributing factors that led to the growth of Islamophobia in America post 9/11 are a mass hysteria caused by media, influential voices speaking against Islam and an increase of biased stereotypes. Some of the news’s greatest ways of contributing to the rise in Islamophobia is by giving unrealistic over-exaggerations and non-legitimate statistics in order to display an overall false narrative of the actual matter at hand. For instance, Tom Shillue (stand-up comedian) stating on Fox’s The Five that if there is a moderate Muslim voice “out there” now is the time to speak up and Sean Hannity calling for a “Jihad rising worldwide”.
Globalization is defined as “the historical process involving a fundamental shift or transformation in the spatial scale of human social organization that links distant communities and expands the reach of power relations across regions and continents (Baylis, 2014).”
Globalization is one of the main aspects in the 21st century. Globalization has brought the world closer; all the things that are happening nowadays are recognized globally even if they happened locally (Buckley). According to Nayef Al-Rodhan GCSP (Geneva Centre for Security Policy) globalization is not a single word or concept. It contains many other concepts within itself. Globalization is composed of different concepts like incorporation regarding the economics, transmitting information or understandings, stability within beliefs, and other concepts (Al-Rodhan p.3). This paper deals with the definition of Globalization, the advantages and disadvantages of globalization, and based on these information the views that to which extend the globalization is beneficial for majority of the world's population. The concept of globalization has changed the whole shape of the world. It has both its positive and negative impacts on people's life. However, by taking both the advantages and disadvantages into consideration we can find that to a large extend globalization is beneficial for majority of the world's population. With the help of globalization the works that were difficult in past is getting easier in today's environment. People are getting closer to each other, which is a product of globalization. Moreover, the knowledge and informations are being circulated in very good way which is a very good sign for having a good and prosperous life.