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The relationship between religious practices and society
Relationship between religion and social change
The relationship between religious practices and society
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Section I: Introduction
Joan of Arc was born in 1412 in Domremy, France. She grew up in a home with devoutly religious parents, and she was greatly committed to the service of God at a young age. According to Pettinger (2007), At the age of 12, she began to have visions and hear the voices of saints and of God. She said the visions felt very real to her and during several of the visions, she felt the presence of saints and bright lights would appear (Pettinger, 2007).
During the early 1400s in France there was great conflict and the crown of France was in dispute. In 1428, Joan was being prompted by voices of saints that told her to join forces with Dauphin Charles of France, in order to fight for the crown of France. Barstow (1986) found that, She traveled to Vaucouleurs to ask for permission to join the Dauphin in order to help him drive the English out of France (Barstow, A.L., 1986). Joan believed that she was on a mission from God and her conviction inspired others to join her efforts in driving out English forces. After seeing Joan of Arc’s great passion and persistence the Dauphin provided several military men to help Joan in the battle against the Burgundians and the English (The Biography Channel, n.d.).
During her travels, Joan dressed like a man to disguise herself and to avoid getting caught by the enemy. According to Williamson (n.d.), If a woman’s identity were to be discovered, she faced the chance of getting raped. Joan also wore this clothing for its security and because she was surrounded by male soldiers, Joan felt she should wear the clothing for modesty’s sake. she promised the saints who spoke to her that she would keep her virginity and called herself “La Pucelle,” the maiden or virgin (Williamson, n.d.). ...
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...riences were normal part of her religion. All factors must be taken into account before rendering a diagnosis.
When looking at possible diagnoses several came into consideration but were later ruled out. These include: schizophrenia, schizophreniform, delusional disorder, delirium, peduncular hallucinosis, cerebral neoplasms, and temporal lobe focus epilepsy. Treatments for these diagnoses include the implementation of medications in order to treat the positive symptoms that Joan of Arc experienced. Also therapy would be considered in order to focus on social and learning skills. However in order for treatments to be effective there must be a disorder or underlying problem present and after looking at Joan of Arc’s life it appears that her behavior was not distressing, dysfunctional, or deviant to her culture and therefore cannot be diagnosed with a mental disorder.
One day, she heard the voices of three saints: Michael Margaret, and Catherine, who told her how to save France. Joan immediately went out and informed the people of France of her mission. However, many people ignored her and her claims. Though, after Joan correctly predicted the outcome of many battles, she was recruited for her “tactical ability,” because they didn’t know that her predictions came from the saints. In April 1429, Joan convinced the dauphin to give her military assistance to attempt to free Orleans from the English. She led the army into the battle wearing a suit of white armor while holding a banner that showed the Trinity and the stated "Jesus, Maria." She won the day and freed Orleans as well as capture surrounding English
“No wire hangers, ever!” Joan Crawford spoke to Christina Crawford in Mommie Dearest the movie. The scene where Joan says this is just one example of her having one or more psychological disorder. Psychological disorders are behavior patterns that cause a person to anguish. Also, they may cause a person to obstruct the capability to manage everyday activities (Rathus, 2010). Joan displays many psychological disorders, but the most visible are bipolar disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.
In sixteenth century France, women were not independent and treated as equals as they are today. Women didn’t have much of or any identity of their own apart from their husbands, let alone any importance outside of their household duties; meaning, women didn’t have a voice within the home or publicly. Bertrande’s decision to go publicly to trail with the accusations of Arnaud being an impostor was a huge deal to the rest of the family; all of Martin’s family except for his uncle believed Arnaud was none other than Martin Guerre. This was pressure for Bertrande, to no longer go forward with the accusations against Arnaud. Determined, independent, honourable and brave were all qualities that Bertrande had shown through the actions she had taken to fight what she believed was the truth in the process of pursing the impostor. Bertrande proved women could stand up for themselves and not just stand behind their...
Jehanne d’Arc or more commonly known as Joan of Arc nicknamed the Maid of Orleans is a brave heroine who is known for her work during the Hundred Years War. With her defeat at her last battle, Joan ends the Hundred Years War and years later gets declared a saint for her bravery and sacrifice. Throughout her life, she struggled with an education and growing up on a farm. Later in those years she beings to hears voices and sees visions believing it to be from the Heavens and joins the French war because of it. Only being a teenager through all this, at the age of 19 she’s gets betrayed by who she thinks is an ally and burnt at the stake for charges.
“From Lieutenant Nun,” a memoir written by doña Catalina de Erauso, tells an intriguing story of a young Spanish female and her advantageous journey through Spain and the New World. Her family intends for her to become a nun but, that is not the life she seeks for herself. Therefore, she breaks away from the convent in hopes of finding somewhere to make her fortune by passing as a male. Catalina’s story is noteworthy because it gives readers another perspective of exploration focusing on self-discovery during the seventeenth century emphasizing how passing as a male is the only thing that secured her ability to explore. In the memoir, Catalina repeatedly reminisces about clothing and, whether she consciously or unconsciously does so, she allows the reader to see that this is an important aspect of her exploration. Throughout Catalina’s journey, clothing plays an increasingly important role not only in her travels but, also her personal life because it symbolized ones status, role, gender and privileges.
About six hundred years ago in Europe, the French and the English were fighting for the French throne. Charles VII, the dauphin, was fighting against Henry VI, the King of England (Clin, 3). This war, later known as the Hundred Years’ War, took place during the 15th century. Joan of Arc, a peasant girl from Domrémy, joined the side of the dauphin after voices that she claimed came from saints, instructed her to help (Schmalz). Her influence brought about the end of the siege on Orléans and the coronation of King Charles. Joan was able to rally the French forces and turn the momentum of the entire war around (Clin, 3). Despite being a woman in a time when females were subjugate to males, Joan of Arc was the most influential warrior in the Hundred Years’ War because her leading role in the break of the siege on Orléans, the crowning of the king and her symbolic significance for France were major turning points in the war.
“Not, perhaps, the patroness of France; rather, the patroness of vivid life, prized not for military victories but for the gift of passionate action taken against ridiculous odds, for the grace of holding nothing back.” (Gordon 173). This quote is referring to Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc was very religious; known for seeing visions and voices from God telling her to go deep into France and help with the war, which she did. At the age of eighteen Joan of Arc led French armies through a series of battles and each of these battles resulted in a victory. Many people, especially men, were threatened by her because of the fact that she was able to do things like leading armies when she was both a girl and a teenager and because she was able to see visions
listen to the every whim of her husband caused this illness to appear. Both illnesses were
Joan lived during a turbulent time in French history. The French and English states had been at war since 1337 over disputed territories in France and who could inherit the French throne. The English claimed that their king could inherit the French throne through shared royal bloodlines and also inherit vast territories in present-day southwestern France. By the time of Joan’s birth, the English had secured almost all of France and were poised to capture the French crown. The French heir to the throne, the Dauphin, was forced into hiding and Paris was under English control. It was under these dire circumstances that Joan emerged.
However, in 1425, the French were able to stop a siege on Mont St. Michael, as hope for winning the war and gossip among the town grew once more. A few months later, Joan began to hear a voice call her from her father’s garden, which she later claimed to be the voice of France’s patron saint, St. Michael. Her voices or revelations become more specific and urgent as more and more towns were conquered by the Burgundians and the English, while Joan become more distant and absent to her family friends to talk with her voices, and soon, it became apparent to Joan that God has given her a mission to save the exiled prince and France, although, with low-confidence with her peasant stature, her voices gave her the confidence and help to pursue the mission. Her father, oblivious to Joan’s revelations, dreams that she’ll join the army, which meant that she’ll be a camp follower, and so, he demanded her brothers to drown her if she did or he’ll do it himself as he and her mother kept a closer eye on her. Despite her parent’s worry and fear, Joan persisted in completing her mission as she made preparations to visit her her first cousin near Vaucouleurs in December to take care of the baby when in actuality, Joan was planning to go to Vaucouleurs, a town loyal to the French, to get help
At the time the French were constantly losing battles to the English and their allies the Burgandians and were in need of a miracle or lose the war all together. In 1429 Joan of Arc convinced Charles VII about her voices and was finally given her opportunity to prove her need to the French armies. Charles VII provided her own security detail made up of several military men so she could join the French army at Orleans. There, she would create a banner that bore the name Jesus on it...
The fifteenth century was a gruesome era in world history. Church and state were not separated which caused many problems because the Church officials were often corrupt. The story of Joan of Arc, portrayed by George Bernard Shaw, impeccably reflects the Church of the 1400’s. Joan, a French native, fought for her country and won many battles against England. But Joan’s imminent demise came knocking at her door when she was captured by the English. She was charged with heresy because the armor she wore was deemed for men only but she justified her actions by stating that God told her to do it. Today, Joan of Arc would be diagnosed schizophrenic because of the voices in her head but she would still be respected for serving in the military. But in the fifteenth century, she was labeled as nothing more than a deviant. She was tried and the Inquisitor characterized her as a beast that will harm society. Through his sophistic reasoning, loaded diction, and appeals to pathos and ethos, the Inquisitor coaxed the court into believing Joan was a threat to society and she had to pay the ultimate price.
Joan of Arc -Joan of Arc was a peasant girl living in Medieval France. She believed that God had chosen her to lead France to victory against England because she had visions, she was soon captured by Anglo Burgundian forces and tried for witchcraft and heresy and burned at the stake.
When Joan was 13 years old she began to hear voices and see visions. She saw in her visions the archangel, Jesus, and two saints who were to guide her on her journey through history from a simple shepherdess, to a war hero, to a saint. “Joan began to hear voices, which she determined had been sent by God to give her a mission of overwhelming importance.” (History.com.) The Archangel gave Joan specific instructions “to relieve the siege of Orleans, to lead the Dauphin to Reims where he would be crowned, and to drive the English at last from France.” (Williams Pg.20)
They had to sacrifice their motherhood in some form or another in order to gain success in other aspects of their lives. Joan, a young girl wanted to have an education and so she ran away from home under the disguise of a boy to gain higher knowledge which was not an option for a girl in her time. Joan stated, “I dressed as a boy when I left home”… “I was only twelve. Also women weren’t/allowed in the library. We wanted to study in Athens” (8). Joan having to disguise herself as a boy, showed that women were not allowed to have an education; they had limited opportunities. However, under the disguise as a male, Joan was given the opportunity to be a pope, a role generally reserve for a man. Nevertheless, it was discovered that she was a female when she gave birth in public and hence, she was stoned to death. Even other women who did not have to choose between motherhood and career, were unable to get promoted even if they were more qualified than men. This is due to the gender gap and the historical male domination. Louise, who came for a job interview at Marlene’s employment agency stated, “Nobody notices me, I don’t expect it, I don’t attract attention by making mistakes, everybody takes it for granted that my work is perfect” (52). This illustrates that even though the feminist movement had made significant advances in gender equality, there are still limitations in inequality concerning