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essay on the privatization of prisons
privatization of america's prisons
essay on the privatization of prisons
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There are over 2.3 million persons within the” Prison Industrial Complex”. The “Prison Industrial Complex" is used to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry (Herzing, 2005). The interest of industry within the state prisons of Illinois has led to the selling of inmate healthcare rights to many private companies. The privatization of healthcare within the prison industrial complex is unconstitutional and perpetuates unethical treatment of persons who are incarcerated. These private companies are not being held accountable for the lack of treatment and negligence of providing services within state prisons.
While, equality of healthcare provision in America continues to be a leading topic of debate. Healthcare rights for incarcerated persons are largely absent from this national conversation. Healthcare affordability and accessibility to quality treatment, medicine and doctors remains a priority across all ages, races, genders and political parties. Because “the state” is given the power of autonomy from the provision of law under the federal government, it should be the responsibility of “the state” to provide adequate healthcare services and treatment to persons who are incarcerated.
The system of the Prison Industrial Complex operates within the law. The law allows private companies to infiltrate the prison, while keeping prisoners in a subjugated position. The law, under the Eight Amendment obligates prison officials to provide prisoners with “adequate” medical care. This principle applies regardless of whether the medical care provided is by governmental employees or by private medical staff under contract with the government (Project, 2012). If prisoners believe they are being denied their constitutio...
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...vatized prison health care scrutinized. Retrieved from The Washington Post: Health & Science : http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/privatized-prison-health-care-scrutinized/2012/07/21/gJQAgsp70W_story.html
Pearson, T. (2014, Febuary 18th ). Co-Chairperson . (A. Clay, Interviewer)
Project, A. N. (2012, July ). Know Your Rights: Medical, Dental, and Mental Health Care . Retrieved from ACLU National Prison Project: https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/know_your_rights_--_medical_mental_health_and_dental_july_2012.pdf
Wildeboer, R. (2013, May 27). Inmates Claim Poor Medical Care in Illinois Prison System. Retrieved from Illinois Public Media News : https://will.illinois.edu/news/story/inamtes-claim-poor-medical-care-in-illinois-prison-system
Wolfson, E. (2014, March 4th ). How Obamacare May Lower the Prison Population More Than Any Reform in a Generation.
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and of that over sixty percent of jail inmates reported having a mental health issue and 316,000 of them are severely mentally ill (Raphael & Stoll, 2013). Correctional facilities in the United States have become the primary mental health institutions today (Adams & Ferrandino, 2008). This imprisonment of the mentally ill in the United States has increased the incarceration rate and has left those individuals medically untreated and emotionally unstable while in jail and after being released. Better housing facilities, medical treatment and psychiatric counseling can be helpful in alleviating their illness as well as upon their release. This paper will explore the increasing incarceration rate of the mentally ill in the jails and prisons of the United States, the lack of medical services available to the mentally ill, the roles of the police, the correctional officers and the community and the revolving door phenomenon (Soderstrom, 2007). It will also review some of the existing and present policies that have been ineffective and present new policies that can be effective with the proper resources and training. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate that the criminalization of the mentally ill has become a public health problem and that our policy should focus more on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
Today, prisons are the nation’s primary providers of mental health care, and some do a better job than others. Pete Earley focuses his research on the justice system in Miami, Florida. He documents how the city’s largest prison has only one goal for their mentally ill prisoners: that they do not kill themselves. The prison has no specialized
Many citizens in the general public would consider the living conditions of correctional facilities to be either too luxurious or too savage. Few would relatively contemplate the conditions to be in between assumptions. For an example in the article, Ross presents the myth of most convicts being provided sufficient health care benefits. However, due to the limitations of
Private prisons are correctional institutions ran by for-profit corporations. They claim to cost less than prisons ran by the state, while offering the same level of service. In fact, the Corrections Corporation of America, one of the largest for-profit prison corporations, states that their business strategy is to provide quality corrections service while offering a better value to their government partners at the same time making a profit (CCA 2010). However, opponents of private prisons say they do not save states money because of their hidden cost. At any rate, more than a few states have found private prisons to be advantageous. For one reason, many states are facing massive deficits and are l...
The United States is a nation with the largest prison population and crime rates in the world. When the governmental controlled facilities were in a deficit where they lacked funds and space could not house the inmates, private prisons were developed. Along with the solution of private of prisons, the controversy concerning the funding of health care, recovery and other expenses have been one of the fundamental concerns for the American Justice System. Both the private and public facilities came together and join a partnership where the government facility agreed to bear the expenses of healthcare and other medical exams, and the private facility would find spaces and funds to house inmates. However, to continuously gain profit, the sentencing
For a variety of reasons, many inmates do not seek diagnosis or treatment for illness before arriving to prison or jail. Because inmates are literally a “captive” audience, it is vastly more efficient and effective to screen and treat them while incarcerated than to conduct extensive outreach in local communities. (AIDS Weekly. 1998) Uninfected prisoners have sued the authorities for failing to test and segregate. In a recently reported case, Cameron v. Metcuz 705 F. Supp 454 (N.D. Ind 1989), an uninfected plaintiff prisoner sued prison authorities for failing to segregate a known infected prisoner with a violent history who had bitten the plaintiff. In that case, the court found that the authorities’ failure to segregate a known infected prisoner with a violent history did not amount to gross negligence or reckless indifference to the prisoner who was bitten. (Mead. Vol. 15 no. 5, pp. 197-9).
Any given state has to provide medical care to its prisoners regardless of the reason the inmate is incarcerated. In an article by the Medical Ethics Advisor, Richard Demme, an associate professor and chair of the Ethics Committee at the University of Rochester, NY Medical Center states, “the U.S. Supreme Court has determined that withholding medical treatment from those who are incarcerated is cruel and unusual punishment, because prisoners are not allowed to seek healthcare for themselves. The court did not say which treatme...
Some inmates have incurable conditions. Troy Reid who had high blood pressure and kidney problems was one (Mendelssohn. p. 295). July of 2007 Reid began to get treated for his kidneys that were shutting down (Mendelssohn. p. 295). Three times a week he would get a kidney dialysis but on April of 2008 he died (Mendelssohn. p. 295). He grown tired of the treatments and decided to die (Mendelssohn. p. 295). From July 2007 to April 2008 taxpayers paid for Reid’s treatments. For some people the treatments that Reid had no point and was just a waste. If inmates that have incurable diseases like Reid’s should not be in prison or jail. They should be released and they them self should pay for the treatment they seek. A lot of money was wasted on Reid; this is a reason they should not pay for inmate health care.
There is a prisoner who claims to have gone an entire year without treatment, he was suffering from lymphoma (Ross). The healthcare system that is being run by Corizon is completely and utterly corrupt, enough to where a man suffering from cancer is not receiving the care that he needs. Thankfully, this man did not experience excruciating pain such as the earlier mentioned prisoner who had chewed off parts of their fingers. In further reviewing of the problem of the current healthcare in our prisons, it is easily identifiable that the company Corizon has been turning a blind eye to our prisoners in need. According to azcentral, the director of Arizona Department of Corrections (ADC) states that “the health-management company retained by his department to manage inmate health care has been the root of the problem” (Kiefer). The healthcare problems have been caused by the company Corizon. Luckily, Corizon is receiving adequate punishment for their inadequate care for prisoners in the state of Arizona. For each instance of non-compliance they will be fined $1,000 (“Judge Calls Arizona”). In this case, Corizon receives a punishment for their past behavior and an incentive to improve their healthcare to prisoners so they do not lose money because of their actions. This is not just the company’s fault however, the doctors that are hired by corizon are to blame as well. This is so because Corizon and the ADC have stated that the doctors do not want to have inmates in their care (Jenkins). There are many different factors that play into the horrible healthcare in place in our prisons, but there are steps being taken that will lead to a proper system for
A part of Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) mandates that imprisoned persons must be provided with essential health care conforming to professional practices.1
Correctional ideologies have contributed greatly to the present correctional trends in the United States. With all of the correctional ideologies contributing in some way, some greater than others, the United States corrections has seen many problems. One such problem is the steady increase in incarceration rates. In result, the prison facilities have become overcrowded and hard to manage. As Dawe from New York City’s Department of Corrections said, “We are so understaffed and so overcrowded across our prisons, it’s miraculous that we can handle it,”(New Week Global, 2014). In fact, according to the American Federation of Government Employees, Federally-operated facilities have grown by 41% while correctional workers have only increased by 19% (New Week Global, 2014). The increase in the prison population rates is due to five contributing factors: (1) increased arrests and more likely incarceration, (2) tougher sentencing, (3) prison construction, (4) the war on drugs, and (5) state and local politics.
“The motto of the DOC is care, custody, and control, and the DOC tends to slide toward custody and control. Care is often viewed with some suspicion” (Penrod). Inmates in a state prison become wards of the state, and while they don’t have access to privately funded healthcare, they do have a constitutional right to tax-payer funded healthcare. For aging prisoners this cost is very high. The 2012 Report by the ACLU states “Because of healthcare and physical needs that prisons are ill-equipped to handle, each aging prisoner on average costs taxpayers $68,270 per year—approximately double what it costs to incarcerate an average prisoner” (2012). Because the elderly prison population is increasing, the demand for prison healthcare is increasing, leading to more costs and, eventually, higher
California’s correctional system is the largest prison system in the nation, and the third largest in the world. Overcrowding in California’s prison has caused many violations to prisoner’s eighth amendment rights to not be subject to clue and unusual punishment. In many lawsuit prisoners claim to be the victims of cruel and unusual punishment via a broken medical system. A medical system who has fail to provide adequate care for inmates and has an astonishing track record of malpractice. The state’s severe overcrowding issues leaves them unable to fix their medical
The vast majority of offenders who enter jails and prisons on a daily basis bring numerous problems with them that deal with health issues and they receive very little or inadequate treatment while locked up. Then when they return to communities these inmates face striking challenges in getting health care and public health services that can improve health and prevent disease. These problems are known to people on the health care scene, but nobody does anything. So, to improve this there needs to be a thorough review of the causes and costs due to limited access to good quality health care. By doing this it provides a framework for the development of wide-ranging strategies for the reintegration of returning offenders. In a recent study done by the American Journal of Public Health, they found that providing prisoners with adequate health care while behind bars and where they’re released to can help improve public health.
In the 1970s and 1980s, a massive amount of inmates began fillin up the United States prison systems. This huge rate of growth in this short amount of time, has greatly contributed to the prison overcrowding that the United States faces today. In fact, the prisons are still filled to the seams. This enormous flood of inmates has made it practically impossible for prison officials to keep up with their facilities and supervise their inmates. One of the main reasons why many prisons have become overcrowded is because of states’ harsh criminal laws and parole practices (Cohen). “One in every 100 American adults is behind bars, the highest incarceration rate in the world” (Cohen). The amount of inmates in corrections systems, throughout the nation, sky-rocketed to 708 percent between 1972 and 2008. Today, there are about 145,000 inmates occupying areas only designed for 80,000 (Posner). Peter Mosko, “an assistant professor of Law, Police Science and Criminal Justice at New York’s John Jay College of Criminal Justice” (Frazier) stated, “America, with 2.3 million people behind bars, has more prisoners than soldiers” (Frazier). There have been studies that have shown “there are more men and women in prison than ever before. The number of inmates grew by an average of 1,600 a week. The U. S. has the highest rate of crime in the world” (Clark). Because of this influx in inmates, many prisoners’ rights groups have filed lawsuits charging that “overcrowded prisons violate the Constitution’s 8th Amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment” (Clark). It is clear that the United States corrections system needs to be reformed in order to eliminate this problem. Prison overcrowding is a serious issue in society due to the fact it affects prison ...