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importance of studying new testament
importance of pilgrimage for christians
importance of pilgrimage for christians
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Motives for Pilgrimage
Many questions are a raised when flipping throughout the history of the religion of Christianity. Why did Christians fight so long against Pagan rulers? Why did their religion mean so much to them, they would risk their life for it? Maybe by narrowing the questions down possible answers can be developed. Possibility one starting point can be, what are the motives for early Christian pilgrimage? Pilgrimages are an essential part of Human culture and are defined, as is a mission to come closer to the Supreme and to experience a communion with God. Usually they are made to some sacred place as an act of religious devotion. These missions hold extremely great merit to many Christians as they provided a gateway to their holy land.
During much of the Roman Empire, practice of the Religion of Christianity was outlawed. Up until the time of Constantine it could lead to your death, and it happened very frequently. However the faith still stayed stalwart and people started to become curious of the areas listed in the bible. Eusibeus gave information of Melito, a man from Sardis, who happens to be the earliest known pilgrim to date. He made his travel around 150. There is not a lot of information that is given about his journey, but the info that was salvaged was mentioned. The purpose of his mission was to establish an accurate analysis to the Old Testament. He was more interested in the Jewish traditions on his trip. Hunt gave a view of Melito’s journey by stating; “ The past which he went in search of was the narrative of the Bible, and this he expected to see mapped out in contemporary Palestine. Only a handful of non-biblical reminiscences appear to have caught the pilgrims attention in his travels.”; So the motive that drove Melito was the interests of the places mentioned in the bible.
While Melito was tagged as the earliest known of the Pilgrims, Helena carries the distinction of being the most popular Pilgrim. Helena was the mother of Constantine, who was the man responsible for the Religion of Christianity being accepted in the Roman Empire. The story of Helena holds lots of merit, but there is no one that has linked Helena to any of this. On her pilgrimage she traveled to Palestine and Jerusalem. An article by David Hendin had a list of the many things that Helena has said ...
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... and the response of pilgrims to the wide-scale “promotion” of the Holy Land.” So, to add motive for Christians in that time monks and priests were pushing them towards taking pilgrimages. By these acts the people who depart on these trips can really show their true faith.
Works Cited
Brown, Peter. Religion and Society in the Age of St. Augustine. London, 1972.
Eusebius. The History of the Church. England: Penguin Group,1989.
Hendin, David. “Helena, the First Christian Pilgrim” http://www.amphoracoins.com/article/helena.col.htm Holum, Kenneth G. “Hadrian and St. Helena: Imperial Travel and the Origins of Christian Holy Land Pilgrimage,” The Blessings of Pilgrimage. U. of Illinois, 1990.
Hunt, E.D. Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire. Clarendon Press Oxford, 1982
Toynbee, J. M. C., The Hadrianic School: A Chapter in the History of Greek Art, Cambridge 1934
Sivan, Hagith. “Pilgrimage, Monasticism, and the Emergence of Christian Palestine in the 4th Century”. The Blessings of Pilgrimage. U. of Illinois, 1990.
Nearly 400 miles south of Chartres is the charming town of Toulouse, France. Now home to one of the most well-known of the Romanesque churches, Toulouse was once an important site for pilgrims traveling across Europe on a journey down to Old Saint Peter’s. During the Middle Ages into the Gothic period, the pilgrimage to Rome was less about the end result than it was about the journey there. Europe was littered with dozens of pilgrimage churches, each housing precious relics that had once belonged to Christ, the Blessed Virgin, and the saints. The difficult trek made it the ultimate way to atone for one’s sins, particularly if one was determined and visited all of the correct churches in Europe. And yet, the pilgrims were all united as they attended Mass at each church; no matter where they were on the continent, the Eucharisst was celebrated in Greek, and then in Latin towards the end of the period (Fischer). In the case of Toulouse, it was home to Saint-Sernin. Like most churches on the pilgrim’s path, it was massive, capable of holding a large number of pilgrims. It’s q...
Rituals are held as a very important part of any society, including ours. They go back to ancient times or can be as simple as maintaining one’s hygiene. Non-western societies have rituals that may seem very foreign to us, but they have been engrained in their communities and are essential to their social structure. This interpretation will focus on the Great Pilgrimage, a ritual performed by Quechuan communities. We will be looking specifically at a community in the area of Sonqo.
Throughout the entire play, Abigail is angry at John for not loving her back after the affair which preceded the play. Abigail is speaking to John, and she claims that he is still in love with her. As John rejects this idea, Abigail stills desires love from John. In Act I, Abigail says,“It’s she that put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now (Miller I).” She is using her words to manipulate John into loving her. Later in the play, she accuses John’s wife of witchcraft to get back at John. This backfires on her when John dies at the end of the play. Abigail quickly becomes an adversary of John after she harasses his family and his life. Abigail shows her anger towards John Proctor by accusing his wife and eventually hanging
“I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on a pillow next to mine.” She use to live in the Proctor house working as a maid. That was until Elizabeth kicked her out because of an affair that happened between Abigail and John Proctor. In the beginning of the story line she was accused of witchcraft in the forest with her cousin, friends and Tituba. That is where the whole story started. Abigail has this huge never ending infatuation with John Proctor and she wants his wife out of the picture so she can take his side as she dreams. But the only way she thought of was to make Tituba give her chicken blood so a charm would kill Elizabeth Proctor. In Abigail eyes Elizabeth is evil and she disserves to die off and never be thought of again. Everyone else in the book doesn’t really matter to her they aren’t that important as John and Elizabeth Proctor.
Abigail commits adultery with Elizabeth’s husband who is John Proctor. In The Crucible John was thirty years of age and Abigail who was just seventeen. Even with a huge age difference Abigail seems to think she has a high level of maturity to do anything she wants. John and Elizabeth hired Abigail, until Elizabeth found out about his affair and fired Abigail. John told Abigail that he was done with the affair and that he will never touch her again. “Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again”. (Miller 23) Abigail would claim that John was in love with her and that she also loved him too, but John never really loved Abigail he only saw lust.
What is a Crusade? How did a Crusader crusade? What caused him to seek “holy war?” Is a Crusade a Holy War or a Pilgrimage? Did a crusader only leave to find his own economic benefits? What caused the success of the first crusaders? These are some of the many questions that laid before me when I started my research. The crusading movements are such widely debated among the modern historian that they leave many readers confused about what actually caused the crusades, and what a crusade actually entails. In the coming pages I hope to give my reader something to ponder, understand, and acknowledge about it’s origins, and eventually lead my reader into the first crusading movement. Thus, the argument I intend to make examines the events in previous centuries, and the culmination of political and moral changes, as well as economic ones that occurred before Urban’s call for crusade. We will explore Feudalism, it’s war-centric society and how this caused Urban (as well as some Popes and religious figures before him) to seek a peaceable solution that would ensure safety for the clergy, the peasant, and the non-violent. Furthermore, Pope Urban sought to continue Pope Gregory's (and Cluniac) reform to solidify Papal authority over Christendom, and respond to years of Muslim raids along the Mediterranean and upper Italian Coastlines that threatened Italian unity. In effect, the first crusading movement represented and embodied the European culture, society, and ideologies of the time.
Although Abigail came from a harsh background some readers believe that her actions are solely vengeful. To prove such actions often readers point out that Abigail desired to kill Elizabeth from the beginning, “[Betty to Abigail] You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife(Miller 19)! Even though Abigail felt as though Elizabeth was the bane of her existence, she had just cause because from her position, the only man that feels passion for her isn't there and Elizabeth was to blame. Readers must know that at the time of the play Abigail is a mere 17 years and can be easily persuaded into love. Also coming from a background of lost or non existent love it's easy to do anything by all means necessary to regain
Her background story is vague at best, but what we do know of it is violent. Personally, I feel that in some light Abigail is a sympathizing character. She’s an orphan Puritan girl that felt sexually repressed in an oppressive society. However, these aspects of her don’t necessarily excuse her actions. Abigail has a willingness to disregard Puritan social restrictions, as she dances in the woods, encourages witchcraft among the girls, and starts an affair with John Proctor. This both sets her apart from the other characters of the play but is the cause for her downfall. On the other hand, she doesn’t appear to have a conscience, as she doesn’t feel bothered by the people she has put to certain death, but merely sees them as instruments in her grand scheme to end up with John Proctor. Abigail’s fantasy of ending up with Proctor reflects her age and nativity, but at the same time she possesses a mature ruthlessness that she uses to cause fear and intimidation throughout
Abigail and John Proctor had relations while Abigail was a servant in the Proctors’ house. When Elizabeth discovers it, she fires Abigail. According to Abigail, Elizabeth has been blackening Abigail’s name in Salem. Abigail still loves John and wants John to love her, so she accuses Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft, so there is nothing keeping John from loving her; we learn about this when Cheever says “Why, Abigail Williams charge her” (Miller 73). Abigail Williams would rather kill someone else and possible get what she wants, over accepting the fact that John loves Elizabeth and moving on. This shows that Abigail disregards her own moral standards and integrity to save her own reputation and get what she
Religion was the back-bone for the pilgrimage. Saying so, this allows one to ponder the argument that the United States is in existence today due to religion. I agree with Patricia Bonomi’s argument that the colonies transferred the importance from that of the group to that of the individual. This enabled each and every colonist. They were not only working for the whole but themselves now. Importance was placed upon the individual and self-reliance, by means of spirituality, was becoming more the common place. A type of individual freedom took place which ...
With the fact that Abigail’s behavior is so heavily motivated by her obsession with John Proctor, she made the choice to have an affair. She first started to be their maid for the Proctor’s. Elizabeth had kicked her off to the streets when she had “thought” her husband had turned from her. Abigail is yearning to be with John Proctor, since after the affair. “John- I was waitin’ for you every night” (Miller 1139). Abigail believes John still loves her because he once used to have feelings for her when his wife, Elizabeth, was immensely sick.
Success can be an extremely broad subject. There is an abounding amount of different views on what the “true” definition of success is. Personally, I believe that success is finding happiness. Success is waking up in the morning and not having to worry about whether or not the bills are going to be paid this month. Success is having a job that you enjoy going to every day. Success is having friends and family who love and support you. Success does not mean that one has to be exceedingly rich or have a lakeside mansion. As long as they are happy, they have succeeded in life.
The monks who learned that the trial of Iona went out to spread Christianity in Britain and northern Europe. Iona takes students in and help them learn what they need to, then sends them out.
Turner, V. (1978) Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture: Anthropological Perspectives, pp. 249-251 ("Notes on Processual Symbolic Analysis").
Success is within the mind of the individual. A large portion of ones life is spent working to become successful. People are told throughout childhood to work hard so they can grow up and make lots of money. But success takes many different forms. Different people have different interpretations of what success means to them. For some, success is measured by social status and wealth; for others success is determined only by the amount of happiness one feels.