A juvenile is defined as not yet adult; young, childish, immature. In the United States, definitions and age limits of juveniles vary. The 16-20 year old age group has one of the highest incidences of serious crime (ojjdp.org). In 1994, juveniles accounted for 19% of all violent crime arrests in The United States. Although juvenile arrests for violent crimes declined 3% from 1994-1995 (the first decrease in almost ten years), the number of juvenile violent crime arrests in 1995 was 67% above the 1986 level. Among juvenile offenders, males make up 85% of the total arrests for violent crime index offenses (Colorado.edu). Females make up 34%. Boys ages 12-17 are one and a half more likely to be victims of violent crimes than girls. Minorities play a key role in juvenile crimes. African American juveniles were six times more likely than Caucasian juveniles to be victims of homicide in 2002.
Between 1996 and 2000, the number of female juvenile arrested for violent crimes such as murder, robbery and aggravated assault increased 25% with no increasing arrests of male juveniles for the same offense. Female juvenile arrests for property crimes such as burglary, motor vehicle theft and arson have increased 21% while male arrests decreased 4% (Hoffman, 2001). Female involvement in crimes has evolved into a significant trend. However, young females are far less likely than males to violate the law. Some of the contributions to the increase in female delinquency are that female delinquent behavior is related to weak bonds with parents and school. Most female violent behavior is learned behavior and so unfortunately violence is the only or the most effective way to achieve status, respect and other social and personal needs. The initial causes of violence are found in the early learning experiences in the family which includes weak family bonding and ineffective monitoring and supervision. Involvement with delinquent friends is the strongest and most immediate cause of serious violent behavior for females. It is within this group that violence is encouraged. The problems encountered by an adolescent female at school causes stress and conflict. If supervision and monitoring are not available to help the female, the likelihood of violence will occur (Barbour, 1999).
When a juvenile commits a crime, the court where the juvenile will be in becomes a factor. Some juveniles...
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...re a teenager should know right from wrong. Ethics is something that starts at home when growing up. Some may argue what if a person doesn’t have a stable upbringing? There are other alternatives such as school clubs, community organizations, church and other positive things. Many may argue that 28 years is “too long” for a 14 year old to serve. So then, what is “too short?” If Brazill was maybe 24 or 40 then maybe this wouldn’t be an issue. Some would feel that he has lived most of his life and so spending the rest of his life in prison would be okay. To send a 14 year old to prison until the age of 42 is unjust to some. They feel he would miss growing up, high school, interacting with others his age, etc. I think maybe he should’ve been interacting with others his age before deciding to even take a gun to school. He is old enough to know that a gun is trouble. He had to know that what he did called for punishment. I agree with POA that if he does go to juvenile court and serve maybe 7 years for killing a teacher than that is suppose to be okay? If Brazill was old enough to shoot and kill someone than he is old enough to be punished in an adult prison just like any other minor.
The book “No Matter How Loud I Shout” written by Edward Humes, looks at numerous major conflicts within the juvenile court system. There is a need for the juvenile system to rehabilitate the children away from their lives of crime, but it also needs to protect the public from the most violent and dangerous of its juveniles, causing one primary conflict. Further conflict arises with how the court is able to administer proper treatment or punishment and the rights of the child too due process. The final key issue is between those that call for a complete overhaul of the system, and the others who think it should just be taken apart. On both sides there is strong reasoning that supports each of their views, causing a lot of debate about the juvenile court system. Edward Humes follows the cases of seven teenagers in juvenile court, and those surrounding them.
The novel The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano exists as an extremely important work in the abolitionist movement in England. As an 18th century narrative written by a former black slave the novel provides a glimpse into the lives of the African slaves involved in the slave trade as well as the slave traders themselves. Even with the controversy over the authenticity of Equiano’s claims on his origin in Africa and his subsequent voyage through the Middle Passage, this novel serves as a powerfully instructive piece of literature. Throughout the novel Equiano strives to impress upon the reader a certain set of moral standards or ideals that he desires to instruct the reader about. One such moral ideal that is prevalent throughout the entirety of the novel is Equiano’s construction of the idea of the value and worth of the African slaves, as opposed to the view of the African slaves as simply commodities or objects to be purchased and traded. Equiano argues and presses the reader and his audience to recognize that the African slave and the white slave owner are not as different as his audience may believe. In order to proclaim and showcase this idea of the value and worth of African slaves, Equiano uses the Christian religion to develop and sustain his argument. In many cases during Equiano’s time period, and for a while afterwards, Christianity and the Bible were used in defense of slavery, and this fact makes Equiano’s claim more powerful and groundbreaking. One of the key attributes of the novel is Equiano’s spiritual conversion and religious revelations. I believe that Equiano’s Christianity serves to connect him with his audience, increases his credibility as an author, and ultimately proclaims the disparity ...
Racial adversity has proven very difficult to overcome, even in today’s society. Olaudah Equiano used his economic intelligence to provide him with the power to accumulate wealth and buy his freedom. Equiano knew he was dealt an uneasy hand of cards at life, but he played them as skillfully and intelligently as he could, with bare instincts. He took advantage of the situations that he was forced into and was able to win his hand at the game of slavery, for he found a way to manipulate the system that opposed him, and used it to his advantage.
By reading the entire record of Olaudah Equiano’s travels I got a much more detailed view of his experiences. Thus to quote Equiano, “I hope the reader will not think I have trespassed on his patience…,” if I briefly respond to the whole work of Olaudah’s autobiography, rather than the brief snippet presented in the anthology. The chapters, which really impressed me the most, were the first chapter, My Early Life in Eboe, and Chapter 11, Return to Europe. These chapters had the greatest effect on me based upon the fact that in the first chapter Olaudah is free, but it is the freedom of a child who doesn’t truly realize or appreciate the state in which he lives. Surrounded by the love and support of his family, and the knowledge that one day he will be a leader of his community. He lives in a world of respect and acceptance. This varies greatly from the situation in the 11th chapter Olaudah Equiano is once again free. However now he is a free adult living in a world filled with hatred and prejudice. Yet still he values his freedom. He now knows that it is better to live as a freeman in a world of hatred then as a slave in any world.
In the tale of the life of Olaudah Equiano, we see the progression of a man's life from childhood to slavery and onward to his freedom. Through his autobiography, Equiano narrates how European and African slave traders and owners differed in the treatment of slaves. By doing so historians are able to grasp a stronger understanding of the slave trade system as well as religion and customs of the African culture in the 18th century.
Slavery was a practice throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and through slavery, African-American slaves helped build the economic foundation of which America stands upon today, but this development only occurred with the sacrifice of the blood, sweat, and tears from the slaves that had been pushed into exhaustion by the slave masters. A narrative noting a lifetime of this history was the book The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African written by Olaudah Equiano. Equiano was a prominent African involved in the British movement for the abolition of the slave trade. He was captured and enslaved as a child in his home town of Essaka in what is now known as south eastern Nigeria, later he was shipped to the West Indies, he then moved to England, and eventually purchased his freedom (Equiano). Olaudah Equiano, with many other millions of slaves, faced many hardships and was treated with inconceivable injustices by white slave masters and because of the severity of these cruel and barbarous occurrences, history will never forget these events.
Spending money on public universities is a problem mainly because the students attending said universities come from families that could easily pay for private schooling. However, since families see that public universities are getting a large amount of funding they chose to send their students there and save their money instead of spending more on a private education. “In Brazil the public universities have just 2% of all pupils in the education system, but get 25% of its funds” (Education in Latin America: Cramming them in). Even though universities should get funding, it should not be receiving a significant amount if such a low percentage of students are attending. That money from the existing funds can be spent towards enhancing and remodeling school buildings for students in primary and secondary levels. To go along with classroom resources, schools in Latin American countries also has many “poorly trained teachers” which means “education spending in Latin America is wasted” (Education in Latin America: Cramming them in). Instead of paying someone who has a college degree or is qualified to teach, schools hire untrained and unqualified teachers to do the job. Unlike the United States, Latin American countries do not focus on training teachers or teacher aides in safety regulations, teaching strategies, classroom management, etc. Having a poorly trained teacher adds onto the school’s disorganization. To work in a school in the U.S one must have some sort of high school diploma if not some college education or college degree. Ham and Castillo write, “Honduran teachers had no more than a high school education, and about half had nine or fewer years of formal schooling.” Although
In conclusion, at an interpretive level, the remainder of The Life of Olaudah Equiano is the story of a Christian convert who finds solace from bondage in the ministerings of a kind divine intervention. I believe he perceives his past through the eyes of a religious man, and through his Christian faith, he composes a narrative that is significantly colored with Christian ideals, including, forgiveness, gratitude, and acceptance. As a civilized, Christian subject, he is able to survive with equanimity the vagaries of servitude, the whims of fortune, and the cruelties of fate. Clearly he sees the evils that he has suffered as part of a larger plan; furthermore, he attributes good fortune and punishment to the work of God and in my opinion, he sees God using him for a much greater purpose.
Olaudah tells the story of slavery from a different perspective; “Their complexions too differing so much from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke, (which was very different from any I had ever heard) united to confirm me in this belief. Indeed such were the horrors of my views and fears at the moment, that, if ten thousand worlds had been my own, I would have freely parted with them all to have exchanged my condition with that of the meanest slave in my own country.” “I asked them if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces, and loose hair. They told me I was not.”
Females are increasingly becoming more active in the juvenile justice system. While these rates are rising with females the rates of involvement for males in the juvenile justice system are said to be declining. From 1983 to 1992, arrests of female adolescents rose over 25% (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1993), and in 1994 and 1995 girls accounted for one fourth of all juvenile arrests (Girls Incorporated, 1996; Snyder, 1996; Snyder et al., 1996). Moreover, from 1985 to 1994, arrests of females for violent offenses more than doubled (Girls Incorporated, 1996). In 1997, there were nearly half a million arrests, approximately 23 percent, of juvenile females in the United States. Although many of the crimes ...
"The Life of Olaudah Equiano” is a captivating story in which Equiano, the author, reflects on his life from becoming a slave to a freeman during the 19th century. Through his experiences and writing, Equiano paints a vivid picture of the atrocities and cruelties of European slavery. Ultimately through his narrative, Equiano intends to persuade his audience, the British government, to abolish the Atlantic slave trade as well as alert them of the harsh treatment of slaves. He successfully accomplishes his goal by subtly making arguments through the use of character, action, and setting.
Olaudah Equiano in his Interesting Narrative is taken from his African home and thrown into a Western world completely foreign to him. Equiano is a slave for a total of ten years and endeavors to take on certain traits and customs of Western thinking. He takes great pains to improve himself, learn religion, and adopt Western mercantilism. However, Equiano holds on to a great deal of his African heritage. Throughout the narrative, the author keeps his African innocence and purity of intent; two qualities he finds sorely lacking in the Europeans. This compromise leaves him in a volatile middle ground between his adapted West and his native Africa. Olaudah Equiano takes on Western ideals while keeping several of his African values; this makes him a man associated with two cultures but a member of neither.
Employees, investors, suppliers and customers alike eventually reach a decision point in a relationship when they decide where to place their trust and with whom. Leaders are judged on what they do to win trust, and the sincerity and consistency of their effort to retain it. Leaders win trust by communicating openly and often, having a clear and committed communications policy, strategy and processes, initiating formal and informal communications programs and regularly assessing their own communications effectiveness and that of their team and their organization.
Crime is often associated with a very particular cliché, as it seems to be committed in the heart of impoverished minority communities. However, we can see this is not the reality of the situation as crime can be seen across all demographics, even amongst juveniles. Age and sex, rather than class and race better represent the distinction between a criminal and noncriminal. (Agnew 2012). Defined differently according to the state, a juvenile is an individual who is under the age of 16 or 17 years old and therefore when a minor violates criminal law they are labeled a juvenile delinquent. There are many social institutions such as media that play into the production and reproduction of criminality and what it means to be a juvenile offender. However, these stereotypes are frequently misleading as they paint a very different image without a clear understanding, “for example, girls accounted for 21 percent of simple assault arrests in 1980 versus 34 percent in 2008. Steffensmeier et al. note that such arrest data have led some researchers and people in the news media to conclude that girls really are becoming more violent.” (Agnew 2012: 80). This paper will look at female juvenile offending, as there are differences when compared to their male counterpart, while assessing explanations as to why there is a difference. While, also looking into the juvenile justice system and its role in the treatment of female juvenile offenders. Concluding with what can be done and what are some protective factors for at risk girls. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference gender makes in violent juvenile offending.
Every child in the United States has heard or read the Marvel and DC comics books. If you have not then you have probably have heard of their characters like the famous star spangled hero, Captain America, or the Dark Knight himself, Batman. Both Marvel and DC has influenced the children and adults of American in its darkest times. The great wars affected many by its poisonous grasps, and its victims sought comfort with the antidote provided by the marvelous illustrators and writers of comic books. Now their cinematic counterparts are here to inspire the 21st century. The Marvel and DC cinematic universes have similar content, they both have unique characteristics that set them apart.