I decided to surf the internet in search of inspiration, and I found it on the mediate.com website. Robert Benjamin’s article “Hotel Rwanda and the Guerrilla Negotiator” definitely caught my eye…particularly since I had checked the DVD out from the library last Friday but hadn’t yet watched it. Benjamin’s article piqued my interest enough to do some additional research on Rwanda, and passion was born.
While a colony of Belgium, Rwanda was separated into two tribal groups which many say was based on physical characteristics such as the wideness of the nose: the common Tutsi (majority), and the upper-class Hutu (minority). For many years, the Tutsis were powerful and mistreated the Hutus. In 1962, Rwanda gained its independence from Belgium, the power shifted to the Hutus, many of whom wanted to exact their revenge on the enemy Tutsis.
In 1993, Canadian General Romeo Dallaire was put in charge of the United Nations Mission to Rwanda to facilitate implementation of the Arusha peace accords after they were signed by the Hutus and the Tutsis. That mission was derailed when the Hutu president’s plane was shot down by Tutsi rebels. The president’s assassination was the precipitating event of what would become known as the genocide in Rwanda.
“When people ask me, good listeners,
why do I hate all the Tutsi, I say:
read our history. The Tutsi were
collaborators for the Belgian colonists,
they stole our Hutu land, they whipped us.
Now they have come back. We will
squash the infestation.”
-- ITLM Hutu Power Radio
Then, I watched the movie.
In a recreation of actual events, we are taken to Kigali, Rwanda’s capitol, shortly before the 100-day genocide began. Ultimately, at least 800,000 – some say over 1,000,000 – were killed.
Paul Rusesabagina is the central figure of the story and Benjamin’s designated Guerrilla Negotiator. Rusesabagina managed the exclusive Hotel Des Milles Collines (owned by a Belgian company) and developed a network of powerful allies (including a crooked Hutu army general) – plying them with bribes with the hope they would be available should he ever need a favor. A Hutu married to a Tutsi, and the father of three young children, Rusesabagina initially refused to believe the rumors of increasing hostility and brutality against the Tutsis (routinely called cockroaches by the Hutu rebels). When Rusesabagina can no longe...
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...ion has vanished. “We need the international community to intervene and help us (to do) justice, and then after doing justice, dialogue.” Lobbying the group to invest and volunteer in Africa, Rusesabagina added “What Africans need as a whole is not only someone who will come and pay their education but it is also to change the systems in Africa. To help us to change, to find lasting solutions. Africa is ruled by dictators. And those dictators should know that one day they also can be brought to justice.”
On July 15-17, 2005, the Save Darfur Coalition is promoting a national weekend of prayer and reflection for the people of Darfur to coincide with legislation being introduced in the U.S. House and Senate.
Noting that many delayed intervening in Rwanda in 1994 because they weren’t sure the killing was genocide, Rusesabagina has stated “What is happening in Darfur according to the definition is genocide.” Citing the cry initially associated with the Holocaust and now also with Rwanda of “never again” as the most abused words, Rusesabagina charges “When they were saying that in 1994, it was happening again and again and again and again. So, ‘never again’ to me is not enough.”
According to Spielvogel, “virtually 90 percent of the Jewish populations of Poland, the Baltic countries, and Germany were exterminated” which overall was the death “of nearly two out of every three European Jews” (Spielvogel, 871). The march to the camps alone was rarely survived by many of those who marched. The death march that Weissmann Klein experienced herself lasted from late January until mid-April of 1945. As Weissmann Klein explained there were nearly four thousand girls total from surrounding labor camps, including her own, separated into two groups of two thousand. Referring to the group in which she was placed, she remarked that “out of two thousand only a hundred and twenty survived” (Weissmann Klein, 183). Conditions during the march were brutal as the weather was extremely cold and there was snow fall. Many of the girls were ill prepared having no warm clothing or shoes, which Weissmann Klein briefly recounts: “Many of the Hungarian girls had no shoes. To save their lives they stole shoes off the feet of those who slept” (Weissmann Klein 183). Luckily, early in her experiences she was advised by her father to wear her skiing shoes to which she says “Those shoes played a vital part in saving my life. They were study and strong, and when three years later they were taken off my frozen feet they were good still….” (Weissmann Klein
The risk for patient health has been increasing while the nurse staffing levels are decreasing, throughout the world patient care is at risk due to the shortage of staffing in the nursing industry. Many, including the nurses who are being greatly impacted by this situation believe that changes need to be made to increase nurse staffing levels to better the lives of every individual involved in such a massive problem that can affect many innocent lives. Although, some might argue against finding a solution to the problem and bettering the staffing levels by stating that the nursing field doesn’t have a low employment rate and is projected to grow in the near future, however, the situation remains to be impacting nurses and patients in negative
Many innocent lives were taken during the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. Philip Gourevitch’s “We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families,” explains why the genocide that occurred in Rwanda should not be written off in history as just another tribal disagreement. This book entails the stories of Gourevitch and the people he interviewed when he went to Rwanda. These stories express what people went through during the genocide, the loss they saw, the mass killings they tried to hide from, and the history of what led to the Rwandan genocide. Rwanda’s colonial past did influence the development of the genocide in Rwanda. The hatred between the Hutus and the Tutsis had been going on for many years before the genocide.
With the ongoing changes in the healthcare field, nursing workforce retention presents itself as one of the greatest challenges facing healthcare systems today. According to the American Nursing Association, nursing turnover is a multi-faceted issue which impacts the financial stability of the facility, the quality of patient care and has a direct affect on the other members of the nursing staff (ANA, 2014). The cost to replace a nurse in a healthcare facility ranges between $62,100 to $67,100 (ANA, 2014). The rising problem with nursing retention will intensify the nursing shortage, which has been projected to affect the entire nation, not just isolated areas of the country, gradually increasing in its scope from 2009 to 2030 (Rosseter, 2014). The nursing shortage is directly related to the increased rate of the population growth, the decrease in enrollment of new nursing students, the aging population as well as the problem of nursing retention (STTI, 2014). In order to determine interventions that are necessary to retain the nursing workforce, evidence-based research must be reviewed to understand strategies needed to alleviate this problem. The literature reviewed shows a direct relationship between nursing retention and the satisfaction of the nurses with the environment in which they work. The healthcare environment, as seen from a nurse’s perspective, is affected by many factors such as the autonomy of the nurses, the support from leadership, the opportunities for professional development and the quality of the relationships between the nurses and other disciplines. These factors should be analyzed and then interventions should be undertaken to improve these aspects of the nursing environment and minimize items that le...
Hooper is in his deathbed; this part has been discusses for many writer for the fact that he ask to keep his veil when he die. G. A Santagelo said that, the black veil is a constant reminder that he is a fallen man who must walk in fear and trembling, that there is another death worse than physical death (64). The minister life is more complex that how it’s reflect in the story and he accept to wear the veil for a lifetime an example of how complex it is. Also the minister was dying everyday because his freedom wasn’t the same and that what is reflect in Santagelo quote, that there is another death worse the physical death; that happened to the minister everyday with the black veil that he was pushed to wear and make him feel death in
Africa has been an interesting location of conflicts. From the conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea to the revolutionary conflict in Libya and Egypt, one of the greatest conflicts is the Rwandan Genocide. The Rwandan Genocide included two tribes in Rwanda: Tutsis and Hutus. Upon revenge, the Hutus massacred many Tutsis and other Hutus that supported the Tutsis. This gruesome war lasted for a 100 days. Up to this date, there have been many devastating effects on Rwanda and the global community. In addition, many people have not had many acknowledgements for the genocide but from this genocide many lessons have been learned around the world.
When the Rwandan Hutu majority betrayed the Tutsi minority, a destructive mass murdering broke out where neighbor turned on neighbor and teachers killed their students; this was the start of a genocide. In this paper I will tell you about the horrors the people of Rwanda had to face while genocide destroyed their homes, and I will also tell you about the mental trauma they still face today.
Several other causes have been attributed to the nursing shortage. An increase in the number of nurses is needed. Sadly, there is little increase in compensation for nurses. In addition to no growth in pay, the level of stress, responsibility, and demand nurses is increasing. Unfortunately, patients are the ones who suffer. When a hospital does not have the proper nursing staff to care for patients, it results in poor patient safety and patient outcomes (Buerhaus, Donelan, Ulrich, Norman, DesRoches, & Dittus, 2007). Nursing salaries compared to other professions has remained stagnant. For example, a registered
In addition to concerns about the adequacy of the supply of nurses the financial impact of high turnover was startling. According to Jones (2005) Using the updated Nursing Turnover Cost Calculation Methodology, the per RN true cost of nurse turnover is calculated to be 1.2–1.3 times the RN annual salary. That estimate is derived from a retrospective, descriptive study of external RN turnover cost data at an acute care hospital with over 600 beds. The findings indicate that the three highest cost categories were vacancy, orientation and training and newly hired RN productivity. (as cited in Kooker & Kamikawa, C. 2011). For example, At the Queen’s Medical Center, the annual salary of an experienced RN is currently $91,520. Therefore, using the
Registered Nurse turnover is a continuous problem in the nursing profession. Turnover in this context is simply defined as “someone leaving a job” (Kovner, Brewer, Fatehi, & Jun, 2014). Some aspects of nurse turnover can be viewed as positive, however, most circumstances of turnover are seen negatively and can be referred to as functional versus dysfunctional. The difference between the two is a “functional turnover, a poorly functioning employee leaves, as opposed to a dysfunctional turnover, when well-performing employees leave” (“One in Five nurses leave First job within a year,” 2014). The nursing profession’s recommendation for improvement focuses on dysfunctional turnover of Registered Nurses. Nurses choose to leave their jobs to explore
Africa is a continent known for its rich natural resources, but it is a continent that is also known for the violence that taints both the past and the present. The continent has a history of being abused by western powers that were after its resources. In the process, these western powers instituted many policies that would have a lasting effect on the nations that they would soon leave at the end of colonization. Even after their independence from colonial powers, many of nations that comprise Africa were hounded by problems that were caused by their colonizers. Such is the case of Rwanda, whose long history under the Belgians would eventually lead up to the genocide that happened in 1994. This was chronicled in the film Hotel Rwanda that was directed by Terry George. The film tells that story of a hotelier named Paul Rusesabagina, who used his position in order to shield may Tutsis from the genocide occurring outside the gates of his hotel (Hotel Rwanda). The film not only speaks of the heroism that the protagonist displayed in real life but also the effects of ethnic conflict and human rights violations that the world seemingly turned a blind eye to.
These newly models includes others factors beside work attitudes as causes of employee turnover. The causes of nursing shortages and high turnover rate are divided to three categories. First is the work status and work environment including safety and unit size, workplace stress, workplace location, leadership style and other organizational factors (Currie & Carr Hill, 2012). The second factor associated with personal reasons encompassing home and family, age and generation related, value and morals, and career opportunities and professional development. Final factors related to economic
In the play Oedipus the King, Sophocles affirms that the gods ultimately have the final say to control one’s destiny; however, an individual is solely responsible for the decisions he makes. Approaching near the climax, Sophocles sets up a fundamental conflict of the play, the need for Oedipus and Jocasta to perceive the immutable state of prophecy through the consequences that deliver itself when the gods fulfill their plans for one’s destiny. The messenger even describes the omnipotent power of the gods, and witnesses the augury of death proposed by the supernatural, finally stating:
In the play, Oedipus Tyrannus, Sophocles, illustrates how fate and free will could determine one 's destiny. Sophocles is a well-known tragedian who wrote more than one-hundred Greek dramas for Greek festivals. While his plays entertained countless people in Greek carnivals in his plays also made his intended audience to become acquainted with Athens’ government, social forms as well as its’ religion. In this play the main character, Oedipus, is represented as a man of sudden action, honest, and great insight. Oedipus unintentionally had fulfilled his own fate, stating that he will kill his father and marry his mother. While both fate and free will had resulted in Oedipus’ fate, the choices Oedipus made in his own
Oedipus is depicted as a “marionette in the hands of a daemonic power”(pg150), but like all tragic hero’s he fights and struggles against fate even when the odds are against him. His most tragic flaw is his morality, as he struggles between the good and the evil of his life. The good is that he was pitied by the Shepard who saved him from death as a baby. The evil is his fate, where he is to kill his father and marry his mother. His hubris or excessive pride and self-righteousness are the lead causes to his downfall. Oedipus is a tragic hero who suffers the consequences of his immoral actions, and must learn from these mistakes. This Aristotelian theory of tragedy exists today, as an example of what happens when men and women that fall from high positions politically and socially.