My aim is to produce a line follower robot with a bump sensor
which can reverse if it goes off course.
Research: Line follower robots are most commonly produced to
take part in competitions. The purpose of the line follower robot is
to follow a line. The robot will only follow a line that is black
against a white background or a white line against a black background.
This is so that the sensors can distinguish a clear difference in
light and so the robot can trace and follow the line. From my research
I have decided to use infrared LED emitters (phototransistors). They
are fairly cheap but work relatively well.
To research into the project I was going to make I looked on the
internet to find other examples of the line follower robots. I found
many different variations and concentrated on the components used. I
looked into books and gathered information on how to assemble the
circuit on the breadboard and researched on how the components work.
I have researched on the type of amplifiers I could use for the line
follower. I will use an amplifier to increase the current as I am
using low voltage. I looked on the Maplins website (www.maplins.co.uk)
and decided to use the LM386 because it is suitable for low voltage
applications and it is relatively cheap.
Specification:
* The robot has to be able to follow straight lines, curves and turn
around corners
* It has to follow a black line that is against a white background
* It must work using one 9V battery
* The robot must be able to reverse from any obstacle it hits
* It should be able to function on its own (No help needed to guide
it)
* It should be small and light, easy to move and pick up if veered
off course.
* Should indicate what direction it will turn
Generation of possible solutions:
I could use 2 light dependant resistors to detect the difference in
light reflected from the line. It would react quite slowly
I could use two phototransistors which emit infrared beams onto the
line. When less light is detected on the phototransistors there is
less resistance thus allowing the motors to move.
Sub-system development:
My circuit had two designs combined. First is the line follower, which
detects light and moves according to the line, and the other part is a
bump sensor which when it stumbles across an obstacle it reverses,
this is ...
... middle of paper ...
...llowed the light. I also used an ammeter to check the current
passing through the circuit. This confirmed that my circuit was
working correctly. When I covered the phototransistors the there was
around 0.4 A passing through. However, when I applied light onto the
phototransistors (using an ordinary LED) I noticed that the reading on
the ammeter was 8.6 A. this proves my theory that covering the
phototransistors, it increases the resistance.
Evaluation: My circuit works well and follows my specification.
The motors move forward when light is placed and it and slow down when
no light is present on the phototransistors.
* Robot has the ability to move in s straight line, around curves
and turn corners.
* With the photo transistors it can follow a black line against a
white background.
* It works using a 9V battery
* It has a relay which reverses the direction of the motors turning
so it can move away from obstacles
* It doesn’t require anyone to move it or guide it using a remote
control.
* It is light and easy to move so when it goes of course I am able
to put it back on the line
* Has two LEDs which indicate what direction it is turning
The Green Frog is very light weight and portable. Just lift the end and glide throughout your home on the custom designed wheels.
In this document there will be a breakdown of the steps which will help i...
The stick made out of high quality rubber will merely shake a little. You don't have to go
Lord of the Flies has several themes that are the key to understanding of literature. Three of the themes of this novel are the fear, courage and lastly survival. Fear has been surrounded throughout the entire novel. With the amount of fear because of an apparent beast, many of the people on the island have changed. Most of the boys have become more violent throughout the novel and have no sense of direction as what to do next. Jack was one of those people who had changed majorly throughout the novel. Courage is one of the most important things to have mentally and physically when you’re stuck in an unknown island. Ralph’s courage in the book became strong when he had lost two of his close companions in Simon and Piggy. Survival is the best theme in this novel simply because of the lack of tools and the laziness of the people throughout the book. These themes show how great and wonderful this book is, and if you read it thoroughly, you will understand the perils and the adventure of Ralph, Jack and the rest of the boys in Lord of the Flies.
*It may move over the bottom of the aquarium tank with the tips of its
We need to acknowledge that our methods to control overweight and obesity may commence, but must not conclude with individual accountability. Only a number of diseases require a general approach, other than the effort to hold and decrease the levels of overweight and obesity, and in few places are the stakes higher. Employers seem to have accepted this and are attempting to develop programs to address it.
The main theme of Lord of the Flies is that moral nature is not instinctive in mankind. There is a capacity for evil in all people, and their morality is superficial. Nonetheless, it is this moral integrity that must continue in order for a person to be ethical, for society to be maintained, and to keep society from falling in on itself. Society holds everyone together. Without the rules and the structure, evil in everyone becomes more prominent, and ideals, values, and basics of right and wrong are forgotten. Without society's rigid rules, chaos and savagery come to light. There are also a number of secondary themes in the book such as: people will abuse power when it is not earned; people will degrade others to heighten their own sense of security; the fear of the unknown is powerful; it can make you turn to insight or hysteria. All of the themes are shown using symbolism.
In West Kirby, lightweight mobility scooters are affordable at Easi-Way Mobility. This family owned business understand your needs and they offer a top rate customer service.
Today we are going to present about the effects of obesity in business, some of its causes, and past efforts to solve this problem.
The government use of taxes plays a crucial role in today’s economy as well as personal finances, it has and will continue to leave its mark on the world we live in.
With the health care costs reaching high number there is no wonder we have a large number of absenteeism. So many wait to the last possible painstaking work day to decide to see a doctor about their aliment, and all of that could be prevented. Preventing oneself to have to take time off from work is one way to keep costs low. There are so many areas that need to be addressed when it comes to what is going to slow us down as a company. According to estimates by Dr. Jaime Claudio(1991), a corporate wellness consultant for Health Plus, a provider of health-care insurance, a comprehensive eating awareness and weight- management program designed to improve long-term habits could generate an 80% reduction in the incidence of potential problems caused by obesity in the workplace. These problems include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and diminished work efficiency. Obesity is not the only eating disorder that is a problem, there is bulimia and anorexia. Smoking, drinking, substance abuse, and stress are problems that are brought into the workplace and stop productivity. We have to be aware of issues that are there but are not usually thought of as an illness.
One could go the old school way, and use traffic signals to control the flow of traffic. This writer witnessed this on his journey through Georgia where they utilized them at on ramps to keep the flow of traffic moving. Perhaps an 18 wheeler with a po...
Hamlet is one of the most often-performed and studied plays in the English language. The story might have been merely a melodramatic play about murder and revenge, butWilliam Shakespeare imbued his drama with a sensitivity and reflectivity that still fascinates audiences four hundred years after it was first performed. Hamlet is no ordinary young man, raging at the death of his father and the hasty marriage of his mother and his uncle. Hamlet is cursed with an introspective nature; he cannot decide whether to turn his anger outward or in on himself. The audience sees a young man who would be happiest back at his university, contemplating remote philosophical matters of life and death. Instead, Hamlet is forced to engage death on a visceral level, as an unwelcome and unfathomable figure in his life. He cannot ignore thoughts of death, nor can he grieve and get on with his life, as most people do. He is a melancholy man, and he can see only darkness in his future—if, indeed, he is to have a future at all. Throughout the play, and particularly in his two most famous soliloquies, Hamlet struggles with the competing compulsions to avenge his father’s death or to embrace his own. Hamlet is a man caught in a moral dilemma, and his inability to reach a resolution condemns himself and nearly everyone close to him.
The perfection of Hamlet’s character has been called in question - perhaps by those who do not understand it. The character of Hamlet stands by itself. It is not a character marked by strength of will or even of passion, but by refinement of thought and sentiment. Hamlet is as little of the hero as a man can be. He is a young and princely novice, full of high enthusiasm and quick sensibility - the sport of circumstances, questioning with fortune and refining on his own feelings, and forced from his natural disposition by the strangeness of his situation.