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History of Artificial intelligence Essay
artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence
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Artificial Intelligence and its Uses
Artificial intelligence is defined as the ability of a machine to think for itself. Scientists and theorists continue to debate if computers will actually be able to think for themselves at one point. The generally accepted theory is that computers do and will think more in the future. AI has grown rapidly in the last ten years because of the advances in computer architecture. As AI advances, human beings are using it to help with some problems that use AI.
AI is achieved using a number of different methods. The more popular methods are neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert systems. There are very few applications that are pre-written using AI. Each company has to write its own software for the solution to the problem. An easier way around this problem is to make an add-on. The company FuziWare makes several programs that help out larger applications. FuziCalc, FuziQuote, FuziCell, FuziChoice, and FuziCost are all products that are used as management decision support systems for other off-the-shelf applications.
A neural network is a type of information processing system that is similar to the makings of biological neural systems. The neural network tries to act like the way a brain and nervous system work by checking sensory inputs and making an output. Neural networks are used mainly for internal corporate applications in different types of problems. For example, Troy Nolen was hired by a major defense contractor to design programs for guiding flight and battle patterns of the YF-22 fighter. His software runs on five on-board computers and makes split-second decisions based on data from ground stations, radar, and other sources. It also predicts what...
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There are many ways that AI can be used to solve a problem. In the future, more problems will be solved with AI. With the advancement of AI and technology, AI will continue to get better and help out humans with more problems using AI.
References
Bailey, James. (1996). “The Computer Within Living Memory.” After thought: The Computer Challenge to Human Intelligence, (6), New York, N.Y., 60-68.
Dean, Thomas., Doyle, Jon. (1996). “Strategic Direction in Artificial Intelligence.” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 28(4), 653-670.
Klassner, Frank. (1996). “Artificial Intelligence: Introduction.” Crossroads, 3(1), 2.
Pearn, James. (2001). “ArtificialBrains.com.” http://www.glendhu.com/ai/.
Pereira, Fernando. (1996). “Language, Computation, and Artificial Intelligence.” ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 28(4), 9.
At the end of World War One, the Central Powers (which included Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary) were forced to submit to the Treaty of Versailles, which left the Central Powers with citizens who had a mounting disdain for government and organized power. In this chaos, Italy struggled to find a definitive government. As a result, from the end of WWI in 1919 to 1922 Italy, struggling in the ruins of WWI, found itself under the rule of five different governments. Following the infamous ‘March on Rome’, Benito Mussolini was chosen to be Italy’s head of government; however, Mussolini’s nascent fascist party (which was officially founded in 1919) toiled to rally around a set ideology. Though Mussolini had founded the Fascist party in 1919, the party had no set platform or ideology to organize itself around. James Whisker, a professor of Political Science at West Virginia University states, “Italian fascism had at least four principal phases.” Through these phases Italian fascism would come to fruition. The first...
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Benito Mussolini, the Fascist dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. He centralized all power in himself as the leader of the Fascist party and attempted to create an Italian empire, ultimately in alliance with Germany. The defeat of Italian arms in World War 2 brought an end to his imperial dream and led to his downfall.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the newest fields in Science and Engineering. Work started in earnest soon after World War II, and the name itself was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy. Artificial Intelligence is an art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people [Kurzweil, 1990]. It encompasses a huge variety of subfields, ranging from general (learning and perception) to the specific, such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, driving a car on the crowded street, and diagnosing diseases. Artificial Intelligence is relevant to any intellectual task; it is truly a Universal field. In future, intelligent machines will replace or enhance human’s capabilities in
Benito Mussolini was the premier-dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. He was the founder and leader of Italian Fascism. Mussolini, along with his Facets government, was able to successfully suppress the Mafia during the time of World War II. However, after the war ended in 1945, the Mafia emerged and ruled once again. Over the next thirty years, the Sicilian Mafia was not only able to gain control Sicily, but all of Italy as well.
Artificial intelligence is intelligent behavior by machines, rather than the natural intelligence of humans and other animals. The sub-levels of artificial intelligence that researchers have found are; Reasoning (problem solving), cognitive simulation, deep recurrent neutral networks, control theory, finance, and automotive. Robots are going to be able to have the problem solving skills greater than any human being. Artificial intelligence today is known as weak AI, and is only able to perform things like facial recognition or Internet searches. (Max Tegmark) The long-term goal of researchers is to be able to outperform humans at specific tasks, from playing chess to any cognitive task given. There are going to be so many advancements in the future; everybody already using technology all the time on their own mobile devices. The world has come to where people cannot live without their phones or technology being with them at all times. Technology is necessary but thought of artificial intelligence is a different
Finally almost a decade after the Dartmouth Conference, Centers for artificial intelligence research began to form at Carnegie Mellon and MIT. Further advancements were made in the field. The General Problem Solver (GPS) was developed based on the Wiener's feedback principle. The GPS was capable of solving a greater range of common sense problems.
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Humans have developed a wonderful fascination with artificial intelligence since it first introduced to the world in the 1950’s. The Merriam-Webster defined Artificial Intelligence as “a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.” Another definition is “the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.” Computer science was cool on its own but to incorporate human intelligence into it sounded like a ground breaking idea. There would be no limit to what humans can do with intelligent machines and computer programming. In the 1950s this type of technology seemed far beyond a scientists’ lifetime but almost 70 years later, scientists/researchers are able to have artificial as part
Summary- This book expert describes the fundamentals, history, and changes associated with Artificial Intelligence from 1950’s onward. The book provides a basic explanation that Artificial Intelligence involves simulating human behavior or performance using encoded thought processes and reasoning with electronic free standing components that do mechanical work.