An Ethical Evaluation of Peer-to-Peer File Swapping Abstract The last few years has seen an explosion in the use of the Internet as a means for exchanging, free of charge, digital media by way of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing technologies. Initially, the practice was primarily limited to the swapping of music, in the form of MP3 files. The pervasiveness of broadband, the advent of newer file types, and the creation of more sophisticated technologies has subsequently made possible the exchange of other types as well – including movies, television shows and software. Again, for free. In this paper, we will explore the ethical considerations of this practice as it relates to Intellectual Property (IP) – whether protected by copyright law or not. We will concentrate primarily on music, but where appropriate, other media will be considered, as many of the issues are common across the different types. Taking a global perspective, one must keep in mind that the term “copyright” is not universally defined, accepted, or enforced. We must therefore use the term with the United State’s definition as a basis. However, absent U.S. law, we must also consider the creator’s intent as it relates to the distribution and use of his or her work. This exploration will lead us to a universal position – one that claims that the wide-scale, free exchange of Intellectual Property by means of P2P technology is unethical. The Technology The P2P model gained wide scale notoriety with the success of Napster in late 1999. Almost overnight, P2P and Napster became household words. There are essentially two variations of the P2P model – the Napster model and the Gnutella model. Both follow the fundamental principle of P2P sharing ... ... middle of paper ... ... Article also available on the web at: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101030505-447204,00.html [10] Preston Carter – engineer at Hewlett-Packard – and a very insightful friend. References In addition to references cited above: Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyright Ownership: Who Owns What? http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectid/BABFA71E-97C9-479F-8A9D4C3DB2498663/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyrighting Your Software – Why Bother? http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectID/B09BB4E7-5744-4131-8B29ACD7CC408853/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E Nolo Press, Nolo Law For All, Copyright Protection: What It Is, How It Works http://nolo.com/lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectid/6A6540E0-325F-4BBE-A9B64DB3BB7BAAF0/catID/2EB060FE-5A4B-4D81-883B0E540CC4CB1E
will look at the medical uncertainties, or doubts about knowledge and treatment, regarding fibromyalgia. Last, I will discuss the possible explanations that have been
In his legendary novel, Frankenstein, author Mark Shelley implies that science may be growing too fast and shows the dangers that it may possess. When the novel was written, the advancement of science instilled fear in many due to fear of the unknown. Victor Frankenstein, the main character of the story, has an obsession with knowledge and science that takes him away from many aspects of life. His love for science takes him away from his family as well as the ones around him. The author hints that Victor 's thirst for knowledge can represent the entire society 's curiosity at the time when the story was written. The idea of scary monsters being created was not far fetched at the time, causing Frankenstein to be all to realistic for the readers
In the beginning of Frankenstein, Viktor is obsessed with creating a living human being. He works vigorously, day in and day out, on finding the perfect equation for creating life. He is so obsessed with making h...
The Novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is one of the central works of American literature. It is about the life of a low level white society boy, named Huck who finds himself running into his drunk abusive father who comes back to town and takes him away. When Huck escapes, he comes across a runaway slave, named Jim. They do not feel comfortable at first being from different levels in society, but once they get out of numerous situations together, such as loosing two con men on river or freeing Jim after he has been sold, it loosens the tension between them and they become good friends to the point where Huck helps Jim escape to the north to be free. This friendship consisted of loyalty and trust. They relied on one an another, and knew that the other would come through to get themselves out of sticky circumstances where it could be the matter of life or death. This novel traces the moral education of a young boy whose better impulses overcome both self interest and the negative forces of his culture. Mark Twain uses characterization, setting, and irony to emphasize his theme that when a person believes something to be right and just, he should do what his morals believe rather than what the normal society accepts as true.
The aforementioned quotation best describes Huck's philosophy when faced with ties that bind. When he is unable to take the restrictions of life any longer, whether they be emotional or physical, he simply releases himself and goes back to what he feels is right and what makes him happy. Hence, one of the most prominent and important themes of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is freedom. Freedom not only from Huck's internal paradoxical struggle in defining right and wrong, but also freedom from Huck's personal relationships with the Widow Douglas and his father, as well as freedom from the societal institutions of government, religion, and prejudices.
“You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.” Malcolm X. Dictionaries say freedom is the state of being free; exemption from the power and control of another; liberty; independence. Freedom means you have the power to do what you please and when you please. It gives you the power to in control of your own life and lives your life freely. The book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain revolves around two characters: Huck, a thirteen-year-old, rebellious teenager, and Jim, a runaway slave. Throughout Huck's and Finn's adventures they go through out of the ordinary problems, meet deceitful characters, and find out the true meaning of being free and the consequences of too much freedom.
Avast! Ye scurvy dog! This is the image usually conjured up when one is discussing piracy. At one point in time, this was correct - sailors roamed the seas freely pillaging merchant vessels. Now a days, Piracy has mainly slipped underground. Chances are, you may know a pirate personally without knowing the crimes they commit. For these crimes are not public, instead they are committed online. Filesharing is on the rise, much to the parent media corporation's chagrin.
Jean-Paul Satre once said that “Freedom is what you do with what's been done to you.” Freedom is an idea that is expressed in multiple ways. In the book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn freedom is a theme that fluxuates between characters. Mark Twain wrote Huck Finn as an American realism story. The novel was based around the pre civil war period where slavery was a big factor of life. Slavery was a key basis of whether a man was free or not during this time period. Freedom is something that has a different meaning to everybody or to any situation it is applied to.
After the technological revolution, people start having everything in their hand. Internet comes and opens many doors with it. People can find whatever they want within few minutes in the web pages. Similarly, people have an open choice what to share online. Online file sharing opens many doors with it including legal file sharing as well as illegal file sharing. People can easily break the copy right low and commit a crime online by sharing unlicensed software online. This report aims to inform the reader about copy right low, recent ethical scandals in file sharing, what is peer-to-peer file sharing, open source software versus pirated software, solution to software piracy, and different examples of online legal file sharing services.
Mary Shelley's character Victor Frankenstein, appearing in her 1818 Frankenstein; or The Modern Prometheus, became the archetype for the popular figure of the 'mad scientist.' The mad scientist has perhaps become such an enduring part of the cultural landscape because of lingering fears about the dark side of scientific discovery. In today's climate of rapid technological progress, people often wonder about the unforeseen consequences of the latest discoveries and inventions. Shelley's Frankenstein reads not only as a reflection on the dangers of modern science, but also as an exploration of the unconstrained scientific mind.
Freedom for everyone is different. It could be freedom from an addiction, from a dictator, from civilization, from technology, or even from themselves. Freedom ,overall, is the ability to do something without any hinderance. In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, this theme was expressed through the adventures of Huck and Jim in there search for freedom.There were varying types and degrees of desired freedom. The first one that comes into the story is Huck’s desire to be free from the constraints of civilization. He wants to march to his own beat and live his own life. Jim had a very different idea of freedom. He was hoping for freedom from bondage. Being a slave allowed him no free will, when all he wanted was to be able to call himself his
Freedom is what defines an individual, it bestows upon someone the power to act, speak, or think without externally imposed restraints. Therefore, enslavement may be defined as anything that impedes one’s ability to express their freedoms. However, complete uncompromised freedom is virtually impossible to achieve within a society due to the contrasting views of people. Within Mark Twain’s 1885 novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, numerous controversies are prevalent throughout the novel, primarily over the issue of racism and the general topic of enslavement. The characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn along with their development take an unmistakable, resilient stand against racism and by doing such in direct relation against the naturalized views of society. Twain’s characters, Jim and Huck are at the focal point of this controversy; they together are enslaved in two particularly different forms, nevertheless they both pursue their freedoms from their enslavements. The development of these characters and the growth of their interdependent relationship generate the structure of the anti-racism message within this novel. Twain’s introductory warning cautions the dangers of finding motives, morals, or plots in his novel, ironically proving the existence of each and encourages the reader to discover them. One of the undisputable major themes that extensively peculated my mind as I read the text regarded the subject of freedom and enslavement. Through Twain’s constant contrasting of freedom and enslavement such as its portrayal of slavery in the form of life on land compared to the freedom on the raft on the Mississippi Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, suggests that people are subject to various ensl...
This movie follows the relationship of the two main characters from the time Léon saves Mathilda's life against his better judgment. This event causes both of their lives to take a detour that ends up giving meaning to both of their existences. She is trapped living in a dysfunctional family environment with an abusive father and step-mother, a hateful step-sister and her quite little brother with only a dismal outlook on her future. She is a precocious young girl who's life seems to have several parallels with the Cinderella story. Léon is a stoic, uneducated and an unremorseful killer that is totally unemotional and unattached to the world around him. He becomes the prince that saves her.
Because of this focus on value, agile software development allows organizations to significantly reduce the overall risk associated with software development. Agile software development is built on a collaborative effort of cross-functional teams as well as the needs and feedback of the customer. It advocates adaptive planning and continuous improvement between groups while also having rapid and flexible response to changes from customers and other intercompany group’s needs. In the article, A Reflection on Agile Requirements Engineering: Solutions Brought and Challenges Posed by I. Inayat (2015), the ability of agile processes to solve traditional problems is noted. One of the biggest problems solved is communication between groups called the communication gap by making groups work closely together with a group meeting called scrum. Scrum works to create transparency between work teams and to exchange needs of particular teams, so they can complete their part of the project with feedback of other teams. There is little lag time or misinterpretations between decisions that a more traditional route such as the water fall may face. What is more important about agile methods is that they all focus on
SCRUM is based on a number of sprints where each sprint is a constant time period division of the project plan. Before the start of a sprint, specific tasks to be done are identified. The purpose of a spring is to complete part of the final product in a given timeframe. After the end of a sprint, its productivity is measured against the set outcomes. While in Agile methodology, all the phases of the software development life cycle run together. Partially developed products are demonstrated to the customer frequently but not after a fixed timeframe. Particularly, SCRUM is a particular agile project management.