Down Syndrome in Children Down syndrome is one of the most common and easily recognized genetic disorders. It is caused by abnormal cell division that involves the 21st chromosome pair of the 23 pairs of chromosome found in all normal human cells. There are three types of these abnormalities, which are non-disjunction, translocation, and mosaicism. Ninety five percent of children born with Down syndrome are a non-disjunction type which is three rather than two chromosome 21s. About three to four percent of cases are because of translocation which is chromosome 21 detaches and attaches to another chromosome. Mosaicism accounts for only one to two percent of births, which is an abnormal cell division with the normal 46 chromosomes while the others have 47 creating a mosaic of normal and abnormal cells (Encarta.p1). The presence of Down syndrome in children is also due to the age of the mother. A twenty five year old woman' s chance of having a baby with Down syndrome is 1 in 1,250, but a woman who is thirty five it's 1 in 378 and a woman 45 it's1 in 30 (Encarta.p2). Diana Danilenko-Dixon, M.D. states "As a woman's eggs age, there is a greater propensity for chromosomes to divide improperly". Although researchers are studying ways to detect improper cell division, there isn't a test yet to the likelihood of Down syndrome before conception (Exceptional children p173). One recent study noted that a rise in children born with Down syndrome between 1990 and 1995 because of the old maternal age. The age of the father does not seem to be a factor. When a woman becomes pregnant, there are screening tests that can be performed to detect Down syndrome beginning at the tenth week of gestation. Of course the test isn't 100% accurate s... ... middle of paper ... ...y the last day; just what the teacher's goal been. Life Goes On was a television show that showed a child with Down syndrome. Corky was a child with Down syndrome. He was in high school with his non-disabled peers. The show didn't reflect too much on Corky's condition. There does not seem to be a big spot light on children with Down syndrome like there is with other children with disorders. Although we as a society recognize it as a problem and are able to identify it early on so we can treat it. Bibliography: work Cited "Down Syndrome," Microsoft. Encarta. Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=0155F000 The Council for Exceptional Children. Vol. 64, Number 1. Fall 1997 p. 167-180 Health Reference Series. Genetic Disorders Source book. Vol. 13, 1996. Omnigrahic Inc.
Down syndrome is a disorder that comes with some defects, such as in the face, heart, sight, and hearing, and other health related problems. It also is the most common genetic defect, affecting many babies. Down syndrome is caused when the chromosomes are being divided during meiosis the cell keeps both copies of chromosome #21, which means the person with Down syndrome has an extra copy in every cell in their body. This is a sad genetic disorder that can change a person's life. Even though it is a devastating gene mutation, the people with Down syndrome are some of the most loving of all people.
From society's perspective, Down syndrome children have become a serious complication in the world. Disabled children with special needs like Down syndrome are not given the directed attention needed for appropriate treatment. In 1862, John Langdon Down characterized Down syndrome as a separate form of mental disability but he broadened his research in 1866. By the 20th century, Downs has become the most recognizable form of mental disability in the world because of the physical characteristics that distinguish their disability (Patterson, 137). Some symptoms include a small-flattened face, bowlegs in some cases, and generally, their tongue is too big for their mouth so it usually hangs outside of their mouth as well as other physical characteristics exemplifies a Down syndrome child (Wedro). Down syndrome, Downs or DS, occurs in children who have an "extra copy of chromosome 21." Ninety-five percent of Down syndrome cases are Trisomy 21 (nondisjunction), four percent are translocation, and one percent is mosaicism. There are roughly 400,000 cases of Downs in the United States toda...
“About 13 of every 10,000 babies born in the United States each year is born with Down syndrome. It affects an equal number of male and female babies” (Johnson P. A. 2014). Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that found across the world, however it is more prevalent in the United States. The cause of the disorder roots to the paring of the human chromosomes. A normal human receives 23 pairs of chromosomes, each pair coming from mother and father. In Down syndrome most people affected have an abnormal cell division of the chromosome. Both parents are carriers of the There are three types of variations that includes trisomy 21, mosaic, and translocation.
There is no actual behavior or environmental factor that could cause Down syndrome. Down syndrome is mainly caused by three different disorders. Trisomy 21, Mosaic Down Syndrome, or Translocation Down Syndrome, are three different types of causes. “Trisomy 21. About 95 percent of the time, Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 — the child has three copies of chromosome 21 (instead of the usual two copies) in all cells. This is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm cell or the egg cell.” Trisomy is the most common cause for the Down syndrome disorder. The Mosaic Down syndrome is a one of the rare causes that the disorder has. This happens when both normal and abnormal are caused by cell division after fertilization. Translocation Down Syndrome occurs when a part of the chromosome 21 attaches itself to another chromosomes and then it has two unusual copies of the chromosome. Children who have the disorder are different individuals and have different facial appearance. “Infants with Down syndrome may be average size, but typically they grow slowly and remain shorter than other children the same age. In general, developmental milestones, such as sitting and crawling, occur at about twice the age of children without impairment.” Knowing about all the causes or symptoms in Down syndrome can help to try to figure out a way to help the
Down Syndrome is a condition that cannot be physically passed on from one person to the next. It is a genetic disorder that is inherited through our parents when something goes wrong during pregnancy. As a result, they have a combination of features typical of Down Syndrome, including some degree of cognitive disability, as well as other developmental delays. One thing we should always keep in mind is that they are children and having Down Syndrome comes second.
of the cells, instead of the norm of two. Generally, Down syndrome is not hereditary since it is
Roizen, Nancy & Patterson, David. (2003). Down’s syndrome. The Lancet, 361 (9365). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199035382/abstract?accountid=4216
All three types of Down syndrome have an extra chromosome or part of chromosome 21 in one or all the cells. The extra chromosome changes the way an embryo develops and changes the physical and mental characteristics of the child. It is unknown what exactly causes nondisjunction. Although it is unknown, research has shown that the chances of having a child with Down syndrome go up as the woman’s age goes up. Even though the chances goes up the older the woman is, 80% of Down syndrome cases occur in woman under the age of 35. Although age can cause nondisjunction, there is nothing that proves that age is linked to translocation. This is due to more women having children at a younger age. Nothing as of today has been proven that any activities of the parents during or before pregnancy has affected the chance of the child developing Down syndrome. Also, there is no proof that the environment of the child causes Down syndrome. Most cases of Down syndrome have not been inherited from the parents, but 5% of the cases are due to the father’s
Down syndrome is caused by a problem with a baby’s chromosome. Chromosomes are cell structures made up genetic DNA (“Chromosomes”). Most people with Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes. This changes the way the brain
A procedure called percutaneous could be done. This is the most accurate method, but would be performed later, during weeks 18-22 of the pregnancy ("How Do Health Care”). A sample of fetal blood from the umbilical cord would be taken, and the blood would be tested for the extra chromosome. Chromosomal testing of maternal blood could also be performed. This process would test the mother’s blood for the extra chromosome because the mother’s blood carries DNA from the baby which could show extra chromosome 21 material. There is also a practice called in vitro fertilization. This practice involves testing a fertilized egg for chromosomal imbalances or other genetic conditions before the egg is planted into the uterus. If one would want this process done, it is recommended that one should have genetic counseling before this procedure is performed, and have close monitoring and testing done during the pregnancy (“How Do Health Care”). One could have a diagnostic test done because it can interpret if a fetus has Down’s or not better than a screening test. Down syndrome does not always get diagnosed during the pregnancy, but sometimes after the birth of the
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.
Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. The risk factors include the mother's maternal age and being carriers of genetic translocation (Mayo, 2014). According to Mayo (2014) a woman's chances of giving birth to a baby with down syndrome increase with age because older eggs have a greater risk of improper chromosome division. By age thirty-five the risk of conceiving a child with down syndrome is about 1 in 350. By age forty, the risk is about 1 in 100 and by age forty-five, the risk is about 1 in 30. However, due to higher birth rates in younger women 80% of children with down syndrome are born to women under thirty-five years of age (What is Down Syndrome?,
Down syndrome can be caused by a random error in cell division which results in a presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This type of error is called nondisjunction. Usually when one cell divides in two, pairs of chromosomes are split so that one of the pair goes to one cell, and the other from the pair goes to the other cell. In nondisjunction something happens that makes both chromosomes from one pair go into one cell and no chromosome from that pair goes into the other cell. A lot of the time, the error occurs at random during the formation of an egg or sperm. After a lot of research is has been discovered that in more than 90% of cases, the extra copy of chromosome 21 comes from the mother in the
The cause of this disorder is because of an extra chromosome in the body. About 90% of Down Syndrome cases are caused by this extra chromosome, chromosome 21 (this is why it is also called Trisomy 21). An extra chromosome originates in either the sperm or the egg. When the egg and the sperm unite to form the fertilized egg, two instead of three chromosomes in chromosome 21 are present. As the cells divide the extra chromosome is repeated in every cell.
“The test is a great test, but it needs to be understood before it can be used effectively. Said Mary Norton (Marcus A.3).”Blood tests showing the fetus has downsyndrome can lead so parents or soon to be parents to end the pregnancy due to lack of knowledge of the capabilities and responsibilities to caring for a downsyndrome child. This test is a cell- free DNA test, it prevents women from needing invasive procedures, other genetic tests have risks of miscarriage. “Data tests from 1996 to 2010 had many researchers looking at the tests in a different perspective