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chemistry and function of lipid
biological significace of lipids
structure an signifucance of lipids
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The Structure and Function of Lipids
There are two types of lipids there is the simple lipids which are
things like fats and oils the other type of lipid is the complex
lipids which consist of waxes, steroids and vitamins (A,E,K). Lipids
are organic compounds and are insoluble in water. They are similar to
carbohydrates because carbohydrates contain carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen but the difference is that lipids have a lot less oxygen.
There are two and fats- which are solid at room temperature. The
chemistry in lipids varies but they all are made up of three fatty
acids and an alcohol, usually glycerol. The alcohol contains hydroxyl
groups. Glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups and each can combine
with a fatty acid forming a triglycerides.
Fatty acids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains contain a carboxyl
group (-COOH). Fatty acids do not necessarily have to have double
bonds . A good example of fatty acids that have double bonds are oils.
If a fatty acid has only one double bond it is called a
monounsaturated fatty acid, fatty acids with many double bonds are
called polyunsaturated fatty acids. The double bonds give the fatty
acids kinks in their structure. If a fatty acid has no double bonds
then it is called a saturated fatty acid. The hydrocarbon chain gives
the triglycerides their insoluble characteristics.
Triglycerides have many functions such as energy source, energy store,
insulation, buoyancy, protection, water proofing and cell membranes.
Despite the fact that all triglycerides are made in the same way (one
gleceride and three fatty acids) the functions are very different. For
example tri glycerines give mammals insulation and give plants
waterproofing on there leaves, as well as giving protection to all
animals by surrounding the heart.
Triglycerides are made up of one glycerol and three fatty acids they
join via a condensation reaction. To reverse this reaction hydrolysis
must take place. In a condensation oxygen and hydrogen are removed
from the reaction (H2O).
The structure of phospholipids is the same chemical structure as
Lipid-soluble and Water-soluble hormones are products of the Endocrine gland. These hormones are transported in the body through the blood stream. However, they have different characteristics or properties that ensure their effectiveness is accomplished.
1972 fluid mosaic model. Lipids are commonly recognized as fats, oils, wax, etc. There are three
Acid or base-catalyzed hydrolysis yields the component fatty acid, some examples of which are given in the following table, together with the alcohol component of the lipid. These long-chain carboxylic acids are generally referred to by their common names, which in most cases reflect their sources. Natural fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated, and as the following data indicate, the saturated acids have higher melting points than unsaturated acids of corresponding size. The double bonds in the unsaturated compounds listed on the right are all cis (or
The purpose of this report is to explore the controversial dispute between the quality of two different forms of fish oil supplementation; Triglyceride (TG) and Ethyl Ester (EE). Fish oil can be implemented into a diet by eating either fish or taking supplements. Fish oil is extracted from selected fish that contain highly beneficial healthy oils known as omega-3 fatty acids, two of the most important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fish oil are Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Some of these fish that contain healthy omega-3 fatty acids include Tuna, Salmon, Mackerel, Herring, Anchovy’s etc. Fish oil supplementation also often contains small amounts of vitamin E to prevent spoilage and is can be combined with various other minerals and vitamins. There is an array of benefits that are involved when implementing fish oil into a diet; although it’s most common association is that it has been linked to slightly lowering blood pressure or triglyceride levels (fats linked to cholesterol). Although fish oil is recommended for persons with high blood pressure, it’s extremely important to remember that it is only to be taken at recommended dosages as it can ironically increase the chances of stroke when overdosing on the supplement. The scope of this report includes a general comparison between TG and EE fish oil supplements and how they are chemically differentiated, with a focus on how the quality of the two forms of supplement are processed. This report will not focus on other forms of fish oil sources and the impact it might have on irreversible factors such as age, gender, genetics, race/culture or environmental conditions.
Another type of fatty acids that is often found in the diet are omega-6 fatty acids. In contrast to omega-3, these fatty acids are unsaturated fatty acids, which when taken in large amounts, can cause inflammation and lead to negative health effects.
Membranes play an integral function in trapping and securing metabolic products within the borders of a cell within an aqueous environment. Without a selectively permeable border surrounding sites of anabolic function, potential useful products of this metabolism would simply diffuse away in the aqueous environment contained within and surrounding the cell. However, securing metabolites within the cell also comes with a price of not being able to acquire potentially useful compounds from the surrounding environment. Some very small gases and polar uncharged compounds are able to simply diffuse across this membrane, moving to the site of lower concentration on either side of the membrane. However, larger uncharged and charged polar molecules,
Fats. This is essential for your body, as it helps maintain a healthy body. There are many different forms of fat. Some good and some bad. The ones that are good and form part of the macronutrient are fats such as saturated, monosaturated and omega 3,6,9. Fat is used as a means of protection for the body. It is used as insulation to keep a regular body temperature. Fat is also protects the organs of the body.
Fats contain 3 fatty acids, each of which are connected to a single glycerol molecule through an ester linkage (a bond between carboxyl and hydroxyl). The resulting fat is triacylglycerol sometimes called triglyceride.
Fats are used to help produce and absorb certain vitamins and hormones. In addition to this, fats 'cushion' vital organs. Fats also act like calorie storage, although this is not their main use. Fats can be found in butter, cheese, oil, and most dairy products. In addition, the body converts extra calories into fat, hence the reason they are like calories storage.
The omega-3 fatty acids, popularly referred to as fish oil, are considered unsaturated fats. Science differentiates between unsaturated and saturated fats quite clearly. One fact that separates the two is the temperature at which melting occurs. Saturated fats melt at a higher temperature than unsaturated fats. The science behind fatty acids is rather complex; carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains are the building blocks of saturated and unsaturated fats. This is important to the human body for many reasons; one reason being unsaturated fats do not cause plaque build-up in arteries like saturated fats due to their molecular structure in the human blood stream.
By definition, a cell is life's basic unit. In practice, the cells share several mechanisms across different animals, plants, and microorganisms. Two fundamental differences exist between the architecture of cells for different classes of organisms (Jan, 2014). Lipids build and maintain both the plasma (the external bilayer) and the nuclear membrane within a cell. In addition, the thick filament of proteins (actin filaments and microtubes) confer rigidity to the cytoskeleton of the cell. Factors, such as physical forces acting on a cell as and the cell’s mechanical environment control gene regulation (the rate of production of proteins). In animals, the polymer filament gel (network) regulate the motility of cells. In fact, forces acting on the polymer gel tend to deform the cell membrane.
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
Saturated fats come from animal sources like steak, hamburger and pork. Unsaturated fats are derived from plants. There are also trans fats that are considered poison for the body. They raise the bad cholesterol in your body, and should never be included in a healthy diet. There are also fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 that are good for a healthy body.
Transferring dietary lipids (fats) - Lipids as well as lipid soluble are similar substance vitamins which are captivated meaning absorbed from the diet and are passed to the blood within the lymphatic system to a certain extent rather than by the venous drainage of the small intestine.
Nutrients are the chemicals that humans need to live and grow. Humans obtain their nutrients from the food and water that they drink. They are used to build and repair tissues and regulate body processes and are converted to and used as energy. Lipids are a category of nutrients. Lipids consist of fats, oils, and waxes and are very important for are body’s health. Lipids are important for the human body because they are for storing energy, they’re good at storing energy because they can concentrate a group of calories in a smaller area.