Needless Animal Experimentation is Wrong
If penicillin had been tested on guinea pigs, it might never have reached the public. It is lethal to guinea pigs, deactivates the blood system of rabbits and is deadly to cats ("Bio-Medical Research"). Scientists are pushing for more experiments regardless of the cost to the animal's life. "One expense is the involvement of killing animals in the pursuit of a pine-scented air freshener"(Vergoth,p21).
Animals suffering in experimentation labs are in just and cruel to animals. It is wrong to harm an innocent animal of any wrong doing, when the animal doesn't know right from wrong. It is argued that people have an obligation to animals, so that we can protect their welfare.
Charles Fried claims "physical harm as an impingement upon the body which either causes pain or impairs functioning" (Fox, p85). Many animals experience pain, and sometimes death, during lab experiments. No animal experiments can be justified. Animals have helped in some ways, such as the discovery of the polio vaccine.
Vivisection can be defined as an invasive experiment performed on an animal for the purpose of scientific research, product testing or education ("The National. . ."). Vivisection is extremely wrong because it causes pain and suffering on animals. Animals are entitled to be free from acts of cruelty. Animals, however, are important in research because their body systems are almost identical to humans. The use of dogs developed open-heart surgical techniques, coronary bypass surgery, and heart transplantation. Animals have helped in some ways, such as the discovery of the polio vaccine.
The pulsing pain of electrodes planted in a chimps' brain is repulsive. The death of a tortured ra...
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...re us so they will be here after the people leave.
Bibliography
Bio-Medical Research. [online] Nov, 4, 1997. Available at: http://www.navs.org/biomed.htm
Fox, Michael Allen. "Animal Experimentation is not justified." Animal Rights:Opposing Viewpoints. Leone,Bruno, Series Ed. San Diego, CA. Greenhouse Press.1996.
Frey, R.G. "All Animals Are Not Equal."Animal Rights:Opposing Viewpoints. Leone,Bruno, Series Ed. San Diego, CA. Greenhouse Press.1996.
The National Anti-Vivisection Society. [online] Nov, 4, 1997. Available at: http://www.navs.org
Product Testing. [online] Nov, 4, 1997. Available at: http://www.navs.org/product.htm
Singer, Peter. "All Animals Are Equal."Animal Rights:Opposing Viewpoints. Leone,Bruno, Series Ed. San Diego, CA. Greenhouse Press.1996.
Vergoth, Karin. "Guinea Pigs." Psychology Today. November/December 1995. pp21.
"Son of the Revolution" showed how inhumane many of the aspects of Chinese life were during the Cultural Revolution. It followed the important movements during the Cultural Revolution, the effects that "the cult of Mao" had on society and Heng, and the way the period affected Heng's personal family life. But most of all "Son of the Revolution" showed us the horrible way China treated its people during this time period. "You're a human being, not an animal. You have the right to be loved" (262).
... much different person who had become the “master of his own opinions” 2. Liang was more upset he spent "most of the time is spent memorizing dogma" (269)3. Liang began to research in search of him, and through education was able to think outside of the Maoist thought. We see that Liang grew to be happy; he found companionship, freedom, Liang and his wife were finally able to get married due to China being able to view the west as more openly. The Son of Revolution indicates the bounds and paradox of the communist government, which quarantined many individuals; regardless of the fact its main focus was on equality and the better of community.
Without animal research, cures for such diseases as typhoid, diphtheria, and polio might never have existed. Without animal research, the development of antibiotics and insulin would have been delayed. Without animal research, many human beings would now be dead. However, because of animal testing, 200,000 dogs, 50,000 cats, 60,000 primates, 1.5 million hamsters, and uncounted millions of rats and mice are experimented upon and die each year, as living fodder for the great human scientific machine. Some would say that animal research is an integral part of progress; unfortunately, this is often true. On the whole, animal testing is a necessary evil that should be reduced and eliminated whenever possible.
Edgar Allan Poe's short stories, "The Telltale Heart" and "The Masque of the Red Death" are two very different stories. One is about a simple man, perhaps a servant, who narrates the tale of how he kills his wealthy benefactor, and the other is about a prince who turns his back on his country while a plague known as The Red Death ravages his lands. Yet, there are some similarities in both. Time, for instance, and the stroke of midnight, seem to always herald the approach of impending death. Both are killers, one by his own hand, the other by neglecting his country. One seeks peace, the other seeks pleasure, but both are motivated by the selfish need to rid themselves of that which haunts them, even at the expense of another's life. However, the point of this critique will show that their meticulous plans to beat that which torments them are undone by a single flaw in their character - overconfidence.
Throughout the poem, Plath contradicts herself, saying, ‘I was seven, I knew nothing’ yet she constantly talks of the past, remembering. Her tone is very dark and imposing, she uses many images of blindness, deafness and a severe lack of communication, ‘So the deaf and dumb/signal the blind, and are ignored’. Her use of enjambment shows her feelings and pain in some places, in other places it covers up her emotional state. She talks of her father being a German, a Nazi. Whilst her father may have originated from Germany, he was in no way a Nazi, or a fascist. He was a simple man who made sausages. ‘Lopping the sausages!’ However she used this against her father, who died when she was but eight, saying that she still had night mares, ‘They color1 my sleep,’ she also brings her father’s supposed Nazism up again, ‘Red, mottled, like cut necks./There was a silence!’. Plath also talks of her father being somewhat of a general in the militia, ‘A yew hedge of orders,’ also with this image she brings back her supposed vulnerability as a child, talking as if her father was going to send her away, ‘I am guilty of nothing.’ For all her claims of being vul...
In the twenty first century, we have so many other alternatives besides continuing to burn, shock, poison, starve, and kill over 100 million animals to test new household products and medicines when it has been proved that animal testing is an ineffective way to cure illnesses and improve human life. Animals do not suffer the same illnesses as humans do and injecting them into animals and studying the effects delays our time to further understand the sickness on an actual human. Seeing that an animals’ genetic makeup is much different from a humans then certain medicines that work on animals more often than not are not effective on humans. Therefore, results are often very misleading. “Animals are fed harmful substances, infected with lethal viruses, subjected to brain damage, heart attacks, strokes, and cancers”(“What’s Wrong With…”). Through a humane perspective, the murder of millions of animals is a disturbing thought to hold. As a country, we continue to remain oblivious to what continues to go on behind laboratory doors for cosmetic, medical, and industrial purposes.
Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. In the United States alone an animal dies in a lab every three seconds. People in favor of animal experimentation say they’re taking animal lives in order to save humans. However is it really necessary to subject animals to painful experiments and torturous conditions in the name of science? Is it right to destroys an animal’s life while testing mascara or shampoo? Animals have their own rights as do humans and we should respect that. Animal experiments do not offer the best results to benefit us humans and it is costly. Animal experimentations should be abolished because it is unethical to destroy an animal’s life.
In the 1900s novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, the protagonist often encounters women at landmarks of his life. Charlie Marlow is a sailor and imperialist who sets out along the Congo River to “civilize” the “savages.” The novella begins with a crew on the Thames waiting for the tides to change. During their wait, a character named Marlow tells of his exploits on the African continent. In his recounted travels, Marlow meets other imperialists such as Mr. Kurtz, a man who is obsessed with the pursuit of ivory and riches. Like Mr. Kurtz, Marlow embarks across the African continent in hopes of earning both money and respect. One early critic of the novel, Edward Garnett, wrote in his review that “[Heart of Darkness] is simply a piece of art…the artist is intent on presenting his sensations in that sequence and arrangements whereby the meaning or meaninglessness of the white man in uncivilized Africa can be felt in its really significant aspects,” (Garnett). What Garnett fails to observe is that Heart of Darkness is not only an observation of “the white man,” but the white woman as well.
Devlin, Hannah. "Don't Let The Forces Of Unreason Stop Research; Scientists Should Be Braver In Defending Animal Experiments And Open Up Their Labs Series: Editorial; Opinion, Columns." Times of London 7, 07 2013,: n. pag. eLibrary. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
Sylvia Plath’s jarring poem ‘Daddy’, is not only the exploration of her bitter and tumultuous relationship with her father, husband and perhaps the male species in general but is also a strong expression of resentment against the oppression of women by men and the violence and tyranny men can and have been held accountable for. Within the piece, the speaker creates a figurative image of her father by using metaphors to describe her relationship with him: “Not God but a Swastika” , he is a “… brute” , even likening him to leader of the Nazi Party; Adolf Hitler: “A man in black with a Meinkampf look .” Overall, the text is a telling recount of her hatred towards her father and her husband of “Seven years” and the tolling affect it has had on
Women have gained equality with men over the many centuries of the evolution of the modern western civilization. Hence, it cannot be overlooked that there still exist many literary examples of social disregard for woman potential. Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" exemplifies the Western patriarchal gender roles in which women are given the inferior status. Not only are women portrayed as being inferior to men, but Marlow's (the protagonist's) seldom mentioning of them in his Congo adventure narrative symbolizes his view of their insignificance. There is a total of five women presented in Marlow's narrative but only three of them are significant minor characters: Marlow's aunt, Kurtz's African mistress, and Kurtz's "Intended." The following essay will examine how the presentation of each of these three women in Marlow's narrative contributes to connecting events in the story.
For the most part people who read Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad may feel that the novella is strictly a story of exploration and racial discrimination. But to Johanna Smith who wrote “’Too Beautiful Altogether’: Ideologies of Gender and Empire in Heart of Darkness” it is much more than that. Johanna Smith along with Wallace Watson and Rita A. Bergenholtz agree that throughout Heart of Darkness there are tones of gender prejudice, but the way that these three different authors perceive and interpret those gender tones are to a certain extent different.
In poems of Sylvia Plath, entitled "Lady Lazarus" and "Daddy" some elements are similar, including used hostile imagery, gloomy atmosphere as well as recurring theme of suicide, but the poems differ in respect of the speaker’s point of view and attitude towards addressed person or unfavorable surroundings. These elements are employed by Plath in order to intensify the impact on her audience and convey all extreme emotions. Another issue that is considered to be worthy of thinking over is the question why the poet refers to Holocaust and the suffering of the Jews in Nazi concentration camps.
Death is inevitable and a lifelong process in every individual’s life. Most importantly, we are unaware of when or how it will happen and, because death can come at a time when we least expect it, it allows some individuals to fear death. In both poems, Lady Lazarus and Daddy, by Sylvia Plath, show different ways to view death. In Lady Lazarus, Plath talks about the characters attempts to commit suicide. Throughout the poem, we discover that the first time she tried to commit suicide was an accident while her second and third time were intentional. While Daddy reveals the process of how a girl came to terms with her father’s death. Although some may assert that the poems show rebirth, both poems reveal death as a way to escape from reality.
Plaths Poetry can be understood through the psychoanalytic model. The motifs of oral fixation, sadomasochism and the desire to return to primary narcissism are consistent throughout Plaths Poetry. Overall these motifs represent the desire to return to the state of primary narcissism and to be reunited with the incestuous love object.