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history and terms of architecture
the importance of preservation
20th century architecture history
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Although preservation is not a new concept and been practiced for centuries, designating historic landmarks, structures and buildings as historically significant and preserving them is a new phenomena, which brings us to a fairly straight forward question of what to preserve and what not to. The advent of new materials and advancement of construction technologies changed the style of building significantly from time to time, especially over the course of last two centuries. Although the basic construction materials like brick, wood, lime and stone are in use for centuries, the recent addition of concrete, steel and glass to that list completely overhauled the mode in which the buildings are being built. Taking into account the need, the scale and the pace of construction posed by rapid industrialization, the style of building took an unprecedented form of architecture starting in early twentieth century.
History of Preserving Modern Architecture
Preservation of modern architecture is unique in its own way and adds a whole different dimension of preserving old buildings. The vast difference in the materials of construction from the traditional ones, the complexity involving preservation and renovation adds to the diversification of preservation. It is not just the difficulties in preserving but the indifference towards the modernist buildings which is the major factor for the neglect. “For all the talk of technical difficulties, in reality it is the unpopularity of modernism that is often the greatest challenge for advocates of postwar architectural preservation” (While 2007, 649)
Unlike the previous movements for preservation, restoration and conservation of historically significant buildings, the movement of preserving the m...
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...he buildings, that are focus of current preservation efforts, are all equally pertinent.” (Prudon 2008, 21).
The preservation of modern architecture itself challenges some of the fundamental concepts of preservation of historic buildings. As the time scale of buildings shrink, these challenges need to be addressed taking into consideration the burgeoning new modes and materials of construction.
Works Cited
Prudon, Theodore H.M. Preservation of Modern Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008.
While, Aidan. "Modernism vs Urban Renaissance: Negotiating Post-war Heritage in English City Centres." Urban Studies, Vol. 43, No. 13, 2006: 2399–2419.
While, Aidan. "The state and the controversial demands of cultural built heritage: modernism, dirty concrete, and postwar listing in England." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Volume 34, 2007: 645-663.
...struction. I really love the architecture of these buildings and wish that we had more resources to be able to preserve this piece of American history.
But these contrived differences give rise to esthetic difficulties too. Because inherent differences—those that come from genuinely differing uses—are lacking among the buildings and their settings, the contrivances repre...
Using the quote by Habermas as a starting point, select up to two buildings designed in the twentieth century and examine what ‘sudden, shocking encounters’ they have encountered, or created. Analyse the building’s meanings as a demonstration of an avant-garde, or potentially arriere-garde, position.
In conclusion, the controversy of demolishing the original American Folk Art museum’s has been finalized without remorse. According to Diller Scofido+Renfroshas no reasoning could have been found for the integration of the American Folk Art Museum. However, preservation is essential to architecture in the 21st century. It disciplines architecture. Preservation of the American Folk Art Museum will make the site meaningful by keeping the qualities that make it what we call architecture. My opinion is that there are ways to integrate the buildings. Diller Scofido+Renfroshas could have redesigned for a better integration without demolishing the neighboring building ruining a cultural institution. Diller Scofido+Renfroshas is portraying an egotistical and disrespectful opinion towards architecture.
There is a fundamental dichotomy and tension within economic development policies in general, and specifically with historic preservation, between the need to bring in wealthy residents and new businesses and the likelihood that it will drive out or alienate low to moderate-income local residents. Historic preservation will, of course, not work for every struggling area in the nation, but for those that can use it, alone or in conjunction with other methods of economic development it is important to recognize that the only way to have truly sustainable economic development and not simply economic growth at the expense of local community and quality of life issues is to find a balance between this dichotomy and accommodate all members of a community.
Items displayed in museums hold historical significance and are representative of society’s culture. Preserving valuable collections for education and enjoyment is a primary role of museums. While fulfilling this role, the architecture of the museum is also an important factor. Historical buildings are converted into museums and architects must consider the use of the space and the museum’s purpose during their initial design. Other museums are built with a clear purpose in mind. As museums are designed, many characteristics are determined. Display and storage spaces as well as visitor services impacts museum’s functionality. Based on the function of a museum, architectural requirements are different.
(Image taken from Tranchtenberg, Marvin, Isabelle Hyman. Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity. Second Edition. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey: 2002.)
The essence of modern architecture lays in a remarkable strives to reconcile the core principles of architectural design with rapid technological advancement and the modernization of society. However, it took “the form of numerous movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some in tension with one another, and often equally defying such classification, to establish modernism as a distinctive architectural movement” (Robinson and Foell). Although, the narrower concept of modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of form and subtraction of ornament from the structure and theme of the building, meaning that the result of design should derive directly from its purpose; the visual expression of the structure, particularly the visual importance of the horizontal and vertical lines typical for the International Style modernism, the use of industrially-produced materials and adaptation of the machine aesthetic, as well as the truth to materials concept, meaning that the true nat...
In nature there is a system, which operates, in such a way that there is no waste. Nutrients and metabolisms go through a cycle, going through different transformations. One simple cycle is the process of exhalation of carbon dioxide. Animals and human beings exhale carbon dioxide, which is taken in by plants, as it is an important component for its food making process called photosynthesis. Leaves that fall to the ground are naturally broken down into nutrients for the soil and fertilisers for trees. (McDonough and Braungart, 2002, Pg. 92) These relationship cycles in nature can be applied in architecture as well. Buildings as living organisms constantly change in time. It could be due to a change in use, weathering, and vandalism or by the materials that they are built with. They grow and degenerate, absorbing the unnecessary that they find in their surroundings and setting free whatever is no longer needed. (Hinte, Peeren and Jongert, 2007, Pg. 18) When we recycle buildings, there are many strategies that can be applied, reusing the facade, and incorporating materials, which remain on site and even by encapsulation. There are various approaches as each derelict building has its historical identity and complications. This essay explores typologies of derelict buildings around Manchester as case studies and explores the strategies used. Some strategies reuse materials that are found on site. There will be an analysis whereby building materials would be extracted, either for it to be restored and incorporated into the new design or totally reformed into a different material for different use. This essay looks into the similarities of biological cycles and building-recycling taking different perspective to building r...
Vidler, Anthony. The writing of the walls: Architectural theory in the late enlightenment. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press, 1987.
Our architecture empire has changed dramatically over the past several decades. Architecture started with the Greek and their developing of Arch’s and domes such as the Coliseum. Since, then technology have advanced so much we have furniture and elaborate building design. We used bricks and clay material in the beginning to build buildings. We have steel, and concrete and much durable material and that’s why our building are more stable and reliable during most natural disaster. Without the advanced of technology such as materials, supplies and equipment. We used to use basic geometric now we used more advanced math and more complex building codes. In the beginning we used plans and rope to lift and move materials; now we have machine that
Jencks briefly explains post-modern aesthetics from their modernist predecessors’ and pinpoints the instant of modernism’s death, writing “Happily, we can date the death of Modern Architecture to a precise moment in time… Modern Architecture died in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 15, 1972 at 3:32 p.m. (or thereabouts)...” (23). Unlike Jencks, literary scholars talk about the first, most original or famous representatives of modernism, but they completely avoid pinpointing an ultimate end to the movement. Due to architecture’s visual character and Jencks’ early, authoritative, and internationally read scholarship, the differences between modern and post-modern aesthetics are often clearer in architecture than in literature. Architecture provides a helpful visual counterpoint for modern and post-modern aesthetics in literature. According to him, architectural post-modernism favours pluralism, complexity, double coding, and historical contextualism.
However, in my opinion the “regeneration” is including keeping and creating, that use the original parts to explore how to develop it to be more useful and make the building resurgence. Therefore, the building could become the “hybrid” architecture or add the modern elements to the old design. I chose three types of architectures, which are historic buildings, abandoned building and factories as my study cases.
Mankind has always struggled to seek shelter and was extremely resourceful in providing it. Vernacular architecture is the main result of this most basic human necessity. Vernacular buildings were designed in accordance with certain fundamental principles which included comfort, durability, functionality, aesthetic beauty and affordability. The sustainability in such buildings lies in the fact that they are built to adapt to the regional inhabitants and their needs, and regional conditions, including availability of local materials and building techniques, the climatic conditions and the socio-cultural factors. To ensure the practicality of these structures, builders use knowledge that is based on experience, tested by trial and error and most of the time is passed on from generation to generation.
The magnificent structures of gothic, baroque or neo classical era still continue to enamour us with their grandeur. But time has changed and modern residential dwellings have got a complete facelift. We can no longer replicate the exact era baroque charm in our space crunched city homes. Sometimes, when we try to do so, it becomes a sad mimic of the past.