Introduction The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly. There were approximately 2.4 million type 2 diabetics in Canada in 2008/09 (Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2011), and another 5 million Canadians over the age of 20 with prediabetes in 2004(PHAC, 2011). It is upon this group with prediabetes that this paper will focus. Prediabetes has been defined by the American Diabetes Association as blood glucose levels which are above the normal range but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of diabetes (The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association, 2003). While the World Health Organization (World Health Organization [WHO], 2006) uses different cut offs for both impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) the definition remains the same. That is that prediabetes is the state which lies between normal values and those which meet the criterion of a diagnosis of diabetes. While these two definitions differ in some aspects there is general agreement (Lindstrom et al., 2006; Norris et al., 2005; Pan et al., 1997) that it is in this stage of the disease that type 2 diabetes can be reversed. Multiple studies have demonstrated the reversal of a prediabetic state to a normoglyceamic state (Norris et al., 2005). This prediabetic state can precede type 2 diabetes itself by years. It is on this we can focus our attention and effort in to stem the tide of diabetes. This prediabetic state has been shown to be susceptible to several interventions- exercise and diet as well as pharmacological measures. Key amongst these various interventions is the control of the hyperglycemic state and increased sensitization of cells to glucose and pr... ... middle of paper ... ...oi: 10.1172/JCI29069 Statistics Canada. (2005). Projections of the Aboriginal Populations, Canada, Provinces and Territories (91-547-XWE). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. American Diabetic Association. (2003). Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 26, 3160-3167. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.3160 World Health Organization. (1965). Diabetes Mellitus: Report of a WHO Expert Committee (Technical Report 310). Retrieved from : http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_310.pdf World Health Organization. (2006). Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycemia (Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation). Retrieved from World Health Organization website: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/WHO_IDF_definition_diagnosis_of_diabetes.pdf
Steckley, J., & Cummins, B. D. (2008). Full circle: Canada's First Nations (2nd ed.). Toronto:
The 'Secondary' of the 'Secondary' of the 'Secon 25 October 2009. http://www.diabetessymptomsonline.com/>. Organization, World Health and Health. Diabetes. 2009.
Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 44(9), 406. doi:10.3928/00220124-20130617-38. Torpy, J. M. (2011). The 'Standard' Diabetes. Jama, 305(24), 2592 pp.
Fleras, Augie. “Aboriginal Peoples in Canada: Repairing the Relationship.” Chapter 7 of Unequal Relations: An Introduction to Race, Ethnic and Aboriginal Dynamics in Canada. 6th ed. Toronto: Pearson, 2010. 162-210. Print.
There are 1.1 million Aboriginal peoples living in Canada as of 1996 and 408,100 of them are women (Statistics Canada, 2000; Dion Stout et al, 2001). More than half live in urban centres and two thirds of those reside in Western Canada (Hanselmann, 2001). Vancouver is comprised of 28,000 Aboriginal people representing 7% of the population (Joseph, 1999). Of this total population, 70% live in Vancouver’s poorest neighbourhood which is the Downtown Eastside (DTES).
Diabetes is a disease that is very common in the world. Early detection of diabetes can significantly decrease the risk of it getting worse throughout a person’s life. There are symptom...
Narrowing towards thesis: “Aboriginal women between 25 and 44 are five times more likely to die a violent death than other women.”( The Tragedy of Missing and Murdered Aboriginal Women in Canada).
Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/diabetic/diabetic.htm.
Diabetes is a disease that affects the blood glucose level in which causes them to be above normal. There are three types of diabetes type 1, type 2, and gestational. As previously mentioned type 1 diabetes people are unable to produce insulin, type 2 diabetes does not produce enough insulin, and gestational only occurs in pregnant women. Nonetheless, there is another condition classified as pre-diabetes. A person who is diagnosed as prediabetic means they are at much higher risk of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or stroke. People with diabetes may experience frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, and sudden vision change as symptoms. In addition, different risk factors can possibly lead people to be more at risk fo...
Migdalis, I., Leslie, D., Papanas, N., Valensi, P., and Vlassara, H. (2014). Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2014, 108419. http://doi.org/10.1155/2014/108419
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic illnesses nationwide, impacting approximately 29.1 million Americans. DM poses as a significant public health concern as its’ prevalence steadily increases diabetes poses as an enormous public health challenge because it steadily increases every year (ADA, 2014). The more common type of diabetes is type 2 which is the progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells. Type 2 diabetes leads to hyperglycemia and insulinopenia. Well over 90% of patients with type 2 diabetes are obese or overweight. This makes obesity and type 2 diabetes correlated to one another (ADA, 2014). In order to be diagnosed for diabetes blood glucose levels are measured. If a patient’s fasting blood glucose levels are
“Diabetes Mellitus is considered as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies (genetic and environmental) (1)”. With diabetes there are different types such as, type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 is caused by “insulin
In the past decades, people have been aware of diabetes although not to such extent being experienced today. These conditions have become more relevant due to lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits that leads to fluctuations in insulin levels. Recent research on this topic shows that all patients with diabetes could benefit from the same therapeutic treatments such as medical nutrition therapy and physical activity.
Nazarko, L. (2009). Causes and consequences of diabetes. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 3(11), 534-538. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Diabetes has become a growing epidemic with an estimated 23.6 million people diagnosed with diabetes, and 57 million people diagnosed as pre-diabetic in the United States alone (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Diabetes is a chronic, multisystem disease in which the body is unable to produce insulin, or the body becomes resistant to the insulin produced. The alteration in insulin regulation in the body results in elevated blood glucose (sugar) levels called hyperglycemia (Lewis et al.). Diabetes is a manageable disorder with the proper blood glucose level control, but when hyperglycemia is not properly managed, diabetes becomes a major cause of morbidity and mortality (Deshpande, Harris-Hayes, & Schootman, 2008). The effects of chronic hyperglycemia in diabetics’ results in numerous chronic complications, but the most disabling include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy.