I. Introduction
Plants play a vital role for life existed on Earth. There are many types of plant species, which can be, distinguish by leaf shape, size of flower and petals (Cope et al. 2012). Kent and Cooker (1992) stated that identification of plant through special characteristic and physiological structure that the taxonomic nomenclature has applied in botanical flora.
A quadrat surveys conducted surrounding the University of Greenwich at Medway, which focused to identify the plant in a grassland area and invertebrate. Grassland is relatively simple in soil structured in contrast with the complexity of woodland and more likely to have greater dispersed organic matter intensities than in forest soils (Curry, 1994). The objective of this study is to classify the plant characteristics, the vegetation types, and the dynamic environment for the plant. Furthermore, some of the characteristics of invertebrate populations and the causes of presence will addressed as well.
2. Methodology
Based on this observation, the researcher will establishes six quadrat (size approx. 50cm x 50cm) survey randomly (Figure 1) to determine sample surface vegetation areas and measure invertebrate occurrence. A camera used for taking pictures and survey conducted in the beginning of November in autumn seasons.
3. Organism Identification
3.1 Quadrat 1 and 2: In the centre of the lawn in front of Pembroke
According to the survey in this area has dominated with grass (Figure 1). In this quadrat, the researcher will identify plants, flower, and fungi. Curry (1994) stated that weather has an effect on the growth of grassland and soil properties.
Figure 1. Quadrat Survey (Left); Centre of the Grassland In front Of P...
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...s. Furthermore, opposite the southern end of Grenville building (quadrat 4) due to autumn season plant debris and woody litter is the perfect places for found invertebrate, hymenoptera and leeches; such as, Arthopoda Armadillidium vulgare (order Isopoda), fungi Mycena ascendens (Lasch) Geest, and Honeybees (Apis mellifera L). In addition, in the vegetated area the north of Pembroke lawn (quadrat 5), fungi and mosses play their roles; for example, Russula sororia (Fr.) Romell, Inocybe fastigiata (Schaeff,:Fr.) Quel, and mosses Eurynchium praelongum. Lastly, the vegetated area in the south of the west of the Pembroke lawn (quadrat 6) there is flower Gerranium robertianum, Herbs Petroselinum segetum which is able to identify. In summary, weather, temperature, moisture and organic matter have influence for the various types of plants and invertebrate presence.
Many variations and species of plants can be found all around the world and in different habitats. These variations and characteristics are due to their adaptations to the natural habitat surrounding them. In three of many climatic zones, the arid, tropical and temperate zone, plants that vary greatly from each other are found in these locations. In this experiment, we’ll be observing the connection between the adaptations of the plants to their environment at the Fullerton Arboretum. The arboretum is a space containing numerous plants from different environments. The plants are carefully looked after and organized into their specific habitat. Therefore, we’ll be able to take a look at the plants within multiple
Bauer, Harry L. "The Statistical Analysis of Chaparral and Other Plant Communities by Means of Transect Samples." Ecology 24.1 (1943): 45. JSTOR. Web.
The purpose of this lab was to determine what vegetation was present above and below the water’s surface and to observe the water visibility depth. We took sampling data from the two different lakes at Noxubee Refuge. The two lakes were Bluff Lake and Loakfoma Lake. The Bluff lake consists of 800 acres of the Noxubee Refuge, and Loakfoma Lake consists of 400 acres (About the Refuge). Many different wildlife species are present at these two lakes. The wildlife includes migratory waterfowl, shoreline birds, and alligators. We observed all three of these wildlife species while collecting data. Along with the wildlife, there are many different plant species to observe. The plant species consist of upland species and bottomland species.
plants, both philosophically and culturally towards their daily lives in the forms of food, medicine,
Markovsky, Alexander. "Massive Cutbacks in Karelia's Nature." Taiga Rescue Network 2011-11-08. N.p., 8 Nov. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
The biodiversity of this particular biome is vast and rapidly growing. One of the main reasons that there are so many species and animals living within this biome is due to the constant warm weather. It also supplies an almost 100% chance of water and food for the animals within. Small animals, including monkeys, birds, snakes, rodents, frogs and lizards are most common in tropical rainforests. Most of these animals and some insects rema...
Woody plants, reptiles, birds, ants, and mammals are being surveyed at sites 26 long-term monitoring sites.
The graphs show the results that were expected from the land use questionnaires. In the tables, the trend in the graphs show the total’s and average’s over 147 years.
own roots (not just the plant kind), this meant they needed a structure that was different than
In the lab exercise regarding plant structure and function, we examined slides containing the different kinds of roots (monocot, dicot). We labeled the parts and pointed out the different roles of each in the plant structure. Also, we examined monocot stems and dicot stems in order to familiarize ourselves with its external and internal structures. We sketched and labeled the parts of the stem and looked closely at the positions of each part. In the last part of the lab, we classified leaves into different kinds according to their leaf venation, bases of leaves, and apices of leaves. As an additional exercise, we sketched 20 animals and classified them according to phylum and class. We were also able to discover the scientific and common names of the animals. Overall, the exercises we did enabled us to familiarize ourselves with plant structure thus, gaining a better understanding for plant life and its importance.
The species chosen for the plantation are suitable for the conditions as observed from Table 2. There frailties when it come to the susceptibility to Diplodia and this is being countered with the replacement of P.patula with suitable hybrids such as P.patula x oocarpa.
Biodiversity depends on many factors, and great differences in faunal species occur between different countries. This essay focuses on comparing and contrasting the organisms that were found in Sea Point Co. Dublin, Glandalough, Co. Wicklow and Bolonia, Spain. Numerous organisms were found in one country but not the other, such as the Mantodea (Praying Mantis) which was present in Spain but not in Ireland. The abundance of species varied significantly which could be seen in the Plecoptera (Stoneflies) which had higher numbers in Ireland rather than Bolonia. There are many reasons for the differences between Irish and Spanish marine, terrestrial and freshwater fauna, both biotic and abiotic. Factors such as faunal relationships, sunlight, temperature, water chemistry and soil will all be investigated in the paragraphs to follow as they play a major role in species survival and distribution.
Species are grouped into genera. A genus is a group of species thought to have a fairly recent common ancestor. Genera are grouped into families. Some of are very natural, while others are more mixed. Families are grouped into orders. Orders are grouped into classes. Classes are grouped into divisions or phyla. The highest level of classifications is that of the kingdom.3 There are many objectives of plant taxonomy in which the collection of plants, their studies in the herbarium (scientific names, identification and characteristics of plants) is the first objective of plant taxonomy, and the second objective is to give a method of diagnosis of plants, by the help of available fundamental data and pictorial matter etc and the last objective of plant taxonomy is to preparation of phylogenetic system of
Arthropods are in the kingdom Animalia which is in the subphylum Arthropoda. A species can be classified as an Arthropod if they have an exoskeleton, a coelom, and if they are mostly dioecious. An “ exoskeleton is an external skeleton made of chitin. [A] coelom is fluid filled cavity between organs and body wall” (Babin,2017). Examples of Arthropods are: spiders, ticks, millipedes, and centipedes. The objective of this experiment was to find Arthropods and test. Different habitats were established to see which will produce a greater amount of Arthropod. It was believed that the Arthropod diversity of a shaded area will be more that that of an area near a canal. The shaded area would have more arthropod diversity because more plants would be around it. Since there will be leaves and trees, plant diversity will be greater. Also, having “ plant diversity can positively affect arthropod{s}” ( Bennett and Gratton, 2013) because there will be more arthropods to utilize.