Submarines have been around for longer than most people think. The first American attempts at creating a submersible boat date back to the days of the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. These boats, however, turned out to be just as dangerous to the people on board as they were to the enemy boats. So the concept was put aside for a while. But in the 1890's two men named John Holland and Simon Lake built a practical underwater boat. The US Navy bought its first submarine from Mr. Holland on April 11, 1900, a date which is thought of as the birthday of the US submarine force. Submarines progressed in technology throughout the years and were used extensively and quite successfully in both world wars. The major breakthrough in submarine technology came in the next ten years after the war, when nuclear propulsion was developed.
Early submarines were driven by big diesel engines. These engines provided plenty of power for turning the propellers to drive the sub as well as a way to heat the sub and provide electricity. There were however a few drawbacks, fuel economy and the ability to stay underwater for long periods of time. In order to run a diesel engine, you of course need diesel fuel and lots of it. This was a problem since you could only carry so much fuel on a ship. Also diesel engines give off emissions. This was not a problem as long as the submarine was on the surface. When they dove, however, there was only a limited amount of space in which you could pump the fumes before you had to surface and vent. You also need an oxygen intake from the surface. Both of these problems were solved, however, by nuclear power. The world's first nuclear powered submarine was an American boat called the USS Nautilus, which was p...
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The Collins Class is a class of six Australian-built diesel-electric submarines operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The Collins Class Submarines are designed for long-range maritime patrol and response, maritime strike and support. The Defence Corporate Plan 1996-2000 states that introduction of the Collins Class Submarine into service is a key strategy in achieving Defence’s foremost objective of making the Australian Defence Force (ADF) capable of defeating any attack, which could credibly be mounted against Australia.
In the American Revolutionary War, a manned underwater craft named the American Turtle (or the "water-machine") was used against the British Navy. David Brushnell designed this ingenious machine in 1771. The submarine was a one manned, egg-shaped vessel which was propelled by hand-operated screw-like devices. It was bottom-heavy in order for it to remain upright. The operator would plant a submersible mine that could be triggered by a simple clockwork mechanism. He could paddle away after he attached the magazine of gunpowder onto the enemy ship. The operator could stay under for about thirty minutes
Introduce the topic: In 1942, German U-Boats sunk Allied ships at a rapid rate in an attempt to prevent resources from reaching Britain, leading to the discovery of corvettes.
The Lusitania was destroyed in the same was as the Titanic as they could not pull the boats into the sea and water kept rushing into the hull through the front where the torpedo hit as the boat couldn’t be stopped.
Blair Jr., Clay, (1975). Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, p. 78. p. 1072. Buell, Thomas B. -. (1987)
The standard torpedo of the war suffered from early problems with its internal depth-keeping equipment, and its firing pistol, but these were solved after the Norwegian Campaign. In mid 1942 an improved version was introduced with an increased battery capacity. The increased battery capacity increased the range 50%.
Personal Watercrafts or "jet skis" are basically Personal Watercraft (PWC) are basically small inboard boats able to travel at high speeds due to large amounts of power and very light weight. Alomst all PWC's are under 600 lbs and most of todays PWC's have at least 90 hp.Not only are PWC's some of the fastest water vehicles they are also some of the most maneuverable water vehicles. This is because PWC's propultion is based on a jet that also is it's turning mechanism. When the driver turns the handlebars the jet (via cables) turns in the direction of the handlebars so the stern is pushed in the opposite direction. This allows the driver to turn at a much tighter angle than traditional boats with keels and rudders.The main drawback to this maneuverability is the fact that if there is no thrust coming from the engine the ability to turn is effictively zero meaning that anytime the driver presses the kill switch (a large red button) they lose all ability to steer. This is extremely dangerous whenever an inexperienced person may drive the PWC back to dock or into shore. PWC's have no brakes and have no ablilty to stop other than turning around. They have an extremely efficient ability to hydroplane (when most of the PWC is above water) and it takes most PWC's a few hundred feet to come to a stop after being at full throttle. This is because 600 lbs + a rider is traveling at a very high speed with only minimal friction to slow them down (since PWC's are made to travel with very little friction).
This website is reliable because it is from an institution of higher learning, more specifically The University of New South Wales and their school of physics department.
Shinno, H., Matsuoka, T., Yamamoto, O., Noma, Y., Hikasa, S., Takebayashi, M., & Horigughi, J. (2007).
Preston, Anthony. Submarines: The History and Evolution of Underwater Fighting Vessels. London: Octopus Books Limited, 1975.
The Trieste was given its name after the city it was built in, which was on the border between Italy and Yugoslavia. The deep sea submersible vehicle has a spherical research and observation room made out of steel. (First Trip to the Deepest Part of the Ocean) This room was located at the bottom of the Trieste with a window for observation. The rest of the vehicle was mostly made up of compartments such as, two water blast tanks and two gasoline tanks. The gasoline tanks held 130,000 liters. The purpose of the gasoline was to use it for resurfacing from the bottom because it is more buoyant then water, and it is very resistant to the compression that happens during deep sea dives. (bathyscaphe)
Polman, H., Orobio De Castro, B. & Van Aken, M. A.G. (2008). Experimental Study of the
Kirkpatrick, Larry D., Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. Fourth ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.
Schultz, James. "Force Fields and 'Plasma' Shields Get Closer to Reality." Technology 25 July 2000: 20 pars. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. .
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