Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
study of ballisticsballistics
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: study of ballisticsballistics
A firearm, in the most basic form, consists of a barrel, an action, a firing mechanism, a stock and a sighting device. No matter the form of the firearm, the same basic principles of physics and chemistry apply. The study of these principles is called ballistics. There are three types of ballistics, internal, external, and terminal. Internal ballistics is the study of the flight of a projectile inside a firearm. External ballistics is the study of the flight of a bullet after leaving the muzzle and until it hits the target. Terminal ballistics is the study of the effects of a projectile on a given target. Because this essay deals with the flight of the bullet, terminal ballistics will not be discussed.
Internal ballistics is the study of the flight of a projectile inside the firearm. The main components of internal ballistics include the firing process, rifling, and recoil.
The Firing Process
The firing process begins when the trigger of a gun is pulled. This releases the firing pin, allowing it to collide with and ignite the primer and cartridge. As the cartridge burns, it produces a hot gas that increases the temperature and pressure inside the cartridge. Once the pressure of the cartridge exceeds the friction holding the bullet in place, the bullet moves down the barrel of the rifle. When the bullet leaves the barrel the pressure decreases greatly and the hot air expands as it leaves the barrel. This is the cause of the loud bang when a rifle is shot.
Rifling
The accuracy of a firearm depends greatly on the spin of the bullet as it leaves the rifle. The spin of a bullet is caused by the grooves (rifling) cut on the inside of the barrel of the gun. Without a spin on the bullet, there would be no gyroscopic forces ...
... middle of paper ...
.... Unless a shooter has a ballistic simulator, they rely on drop tables which are provided by cartridge manufacturers.
Shooting at an Angle
In the "zeroing a rifle" section we required that the line of sight to the target was horizontal. What if this is not the case? The picture below shows the path a typical bullet will take when shot at a target that is not at the same elevation as the shooter, or upward angle. If a shooter shoots at a target whos line of sight to the target is not horizontal and the line of sight distance (or slant range (Rs)) is equal to the zero range of the rifle and he aims directly at the target, the shooter will shoot over the target. (See diagram) To correct for this, the shooter must compensate for the zeroing of the rifle. This is done by finding the horizontal range to the target (Rh). One can use trigonometry: Rh = Rs cos(a).
a. TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVE: Without the aid of reference, demonstrate the four steps in clearing a misfire and describe some ways a misfire may occur in accordance with MCI 21.35 of the MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE, (INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF THE M9 SERVICE PISTOL). (CPLX1)
I have written this science research paper to compare ballistics of a .270 and a .30-06. This paper will also make my decision on which one I will purchase next. If I fire the .270 and the .30-06 rifles into a 2x4, then I will be able to determine from the ballistics which caliber rifle is better. For my experiment, I fired two rounds of ammunition into a 2x4 with each gun. Both rifles were fired at a range of 50 yards away, into the wind, while using 150 grain shells. The rounds for the .270 used soft tips, but the .30-06 used sharp tips.
In order to find out that a particular weapon is responsible for the damage caused, then simulation experiments may be required. If a weapon is given, then simulation stab-cut, slashes should be examined in test clothing and the characteristics created is compared to the ‘crime scene’ damage.
Soldiers were ordered to load and they would take a cartridge and rip it open. Sometimes they would open them with their own teeth. After they opened it, they poured powder into the pan of the firing mechanism to fill it up. They would pour the main portion of the powder down into the barrel, and then they folded paper and put it into the barrel and dropped the ball at the top. They used the ramrod under the barrel of the musket to...
This was the self contained brass cartridge. It contained an ignition source called a primer, an amount of powder and a bullet. Early cartridge guns were converted percussion rifles. The first repeating rifles were the Henry and Spencer, the Henry had a fifteen shot internal magazine and the Spencer a seven round removable magazine this meant multiple could be carried. Repeaters were not limited to rifles though handguns such as the famous Colt Single Action Army were a common favorite among both civilians and military personnel. The industrial revolution boosted the firearms industry. It allowed gunsmiths who formerly would cut rifling and make parts by hand using saws and files to now use vertical mills and lathes to improve both output and precision. Barrels became easier to rifle and take to size using lathes and mills allowed sights to be manufactured much easier. The next major evolutionary step in the firearms industry was the bolt action rifle. A bolt action provides a tighter seal at the breach than other actions allowing higher pressure cartridges and a farther effective range do to increased velocity The first bolt action used by the U.S. military was the Krag-Jorgensen a Norwegian rifle with a internal side loading magazine. It was thought by many that the Krag was was an exceptional piece of equipment but during the Spanish - American War it was proved otherwise. Spaniards armed with German Mausers a rifle with a
Ballistics is the scientific study of the dynamics of projectile and bullet trajectory. Crime members utilize equipment that will allow to match individual characteristics to a known object in order to make a comparison. Just like the Locards exchange principle “when two objects come in contact, evidence is always left behind”. When a weapon has been shot, the barrel of the gun will leave marks on the bullet. With the marks left behind, one can scientifically prove the kind of weapon used, trajectory and estimate the distance between criminal and victim.
Talking about the history of BB guns brings much scope for pointing out as many interesting facts related to BB guns, as possible. Therefore, it must be mentioned without fail that the first BB was actually a shotgun shot, which was sized no more than .180 i...
I did not change the distance of the target I ceped them an 15,30,45 yards. Some of the materials I use are 10 targets, three rifles of different sizes,10 bullets for the rifles,3 boxes, ruler, tape measure. Me materials are Start by getting three rifles of different sizes, set up three targets at 15,30,45 yards, Shoot the first rifle three times at each of the three targets, repeat with second caliber rifle, Repeat with third caliber rifle, Measure in centimeters the distance from the bullseye to the bullet holes on each target. I metered the cm form the center of the target. I shot all of my rifle at the targets at 15,30,45 yards then meserde the distance of the target. It happened because I shot the targets. if three rifles are tested for accusey then what is the most accurate the .270 is the most accurate rifle because a lot of people think the .270 is the most accurate rifle so I am going to test it. My data sports my hypothesis by showing that the .270 is the most accurate rifle. One problem it could help solve is for the police/SWAT in that they believe their snipers are good, but one drawback is over-penetration that is a problem in hostage situations. to go on the internet and recerche
The first guns used in America were a simple machine where the person did most of the work. The user measured and put the powder down the barrel of the gun. Next some shotgun pellets were put in the same way. This was then all compacted and the gun was ready to fire. This reloading took over a minute before each shot could be fired and the guns weren't very accurate by today's standards. If too much powder was used then the gun could explode or if the powder were wet then the gun wouldn't fire. One of inventions during the Revolutionary War was a way to reload faster. The powder was already pre-measured and kept in little sacks. This made reloading faster because the user no longer had to measure the powder between each reloading. These guns were crude but in that day was a powerful modern invention that was considered very useful. The American Revolution was a political war to obtain what the people of that era wanted. By today's standards the destruction of gun was minimal so war was used to obtain political objectives.
Fig.1 Seventeen .223 Remington cases and the bullet impact sights on the Sherriff’s County Vehicle.
M253 Cannon (barrel): The M253 cannon consists of the barrel, sealed at the lower end with a removable breech plug that houses a removable firing pin. At the muzzle end is a cone-shaped Blast Attenuator Device (BAD) that is fitted to reduce noise.
The gun was a hand-crank-operated weapon with six barrels revolving around a central shaft. Having a gun that revolves was very difficult because the barrels would not always line up correctly when being fired. The original gun was actually designed to fire the standard military issue paper cartridge of the day, .58 caliber. A .58 caliber bullet has a diameter of an inch and is capable of damaging anything it hits. The paper cartridge was placed inside a steel or brass chamber with a percussion nipple on the back end just like the muzzle loading rifles and pistols of there time.
...rounds per minute, all with just the pull of the trigger. The recoil operation was a milestone in machine gun development. Warfare had truly changed. “Point a machine, and killing men was like killing bugs” (Chivers, 2010, p.85). It used new forms of cartridges which were placed on a belt that was automatically fed into the gun via the recoil operation.
Much like in Toms case, most investigations start with a crime having been committed. Forensic ballistics and firearm investigation start when there are bullets, cartridges, a weapon, or any combination of the above found at a crime scene. With the evidence, a crime lab can search for clues on these items that could lead to a suspect or possibly prove that the items were used in the crime. By comparing the markings on bullets or cartridges found at the scene with those fired from a suspect’s weapon, a ballistics expert can often determine if the rounds came from the same weapon. Just the act of cycling a cartridge through a weapon without firing it can leave permanent scratches in the case that are unique to the weapon.
The invention and innovation of small firearms spans throughout the world and throughout multiple centuries. The main inventions during the early phases of small arms development quickly gave way to the next innovation, although they were slow to be adapted to military use due to the cost of their production. As time went on these innovations became more and more stagnant to the point of there being no major innovations in the field for close to two hundred years. However, after this stagnant period, there began another period of advanced innovation in the area of small arms technology. The goal of this essay is to understand and dissect the innovations that occurred during these two periods of advanced innovation and the cultural and historical factors that lead to them.