The first thing you should know is the physics behind a boat, seeing how you can't have a boating adventure without one. To keep it simple, let's check out the main thing you should know about a boat: Buoyancy. Buoyancy, by definition, is the upward force exerted by a liquid on any immersed object. If the force of the liquid on the object is greater than that of the object on the liquid then the object will float. In other words buoyancy is dependent upon the density of the liquid and the volume of the object submerged.
Buoyancy:
Fb= d*g*V
Where Fb= the magnitude of the buoyant force
d= density of the liquid, g= force of gravity (9.8 m/s^2), V= volume of the submerged object
All object displace fluid when in a liquid, because no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time. Archimedes principle states that the magnitude of the buoyant force always equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
Archimedes Principle
Fb=Mw
Where Fb= magnitude of buoyant force and Mw= mass of the water displaced.
(Equations taken from Physics for Scientists) Buoyancy can be applied to boats. The combined mass of everything on the boat is less than the force of the fluid acting against it, allowing the boat to float. This is nice. The water is cold.
The wave height is the vertical distance, usually in feet, between the the trough and the crests. The wavelength is the length in feet between adjacent crests. This is one way to measure the size of waves. Another good way to measure the size of waves is by how many people get sick. More than two people means the waves are big.
Enough with waves, lets move on to tides!
"Tides are the longest water waves which occur and have a fundamental period of a...
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...the heat transport into the ice which cuts into it, making it even less stable." (Ice in the Ocean p. 258) Since an iceberg is 89% underwater, the process of erosion can make the berg very unsafe to be around. A change in the distribution of the weight of the berg can cause it to roll and move rapidly through the water.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Serway and Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 2004.
Wadhams, Peter. Ice in the Ocean. 2000
Kay, H.F. The Science of Yachts, Wind, and Water. 1971.
Paterson, W.S.B. The Physics of Glaciers. 1994.
http://www.earthlife.net/birds/flight.html. "How birds Fly" 2005.
http://www.elasmo-research.org/education/topics/r_haulin'_bass.htm#speeda."ReefQuest Center for Shark Research". Martin, Aidan
http://scitation.aip.org "Humpback Whales"
http://whale.wheelock.edu/archives/ask97/0432.html. 1997. Kenney, Robert D.
Theory of Water of Displacement: A volume of water was measured. A second volume of water was measured when the metal cylinder was added. The initial volume was subtracted from the second (total) volume to get the volume of the metal cylinder.
As the propeller rotates (fig 3-1) it forces water down and back as this is happening water must move into the void created by the spiraling blades. This creates a pressure differential across the blade- Low pressure on the back side and high pressure on the front side. This causes water to be sucked into the propeller and accelerated out the back (fig 3-3) much like a house-hold fan (fig 3-2). This action creates the thrust that drives a boat.
Rachel begins by stating that when tides or waves occur in the ocean they don’t just effect the surface but also the deepest levels of the water. How would you know for a fact that the wave currents run deeper than just the surface? Proof given by her illustrates
As surprising as it may seem, one of the most common household items, cardboard, can be used to construct a boat. Building a cardboard boat has become a fun activity that anyone can take part in. Towns and schools hold annual cardboard boat regattas, judging the entrants on speed, design, and creativity. In New Richmond, Ohio there is even a cardboard boat museum! These special boats are more than just a box thrown into water; they are designed using elements of engineering and physics to make them not only water ready, but fast and durable. Building cardboard boats is an exciting way to incorporate topics studied in the classroom into an exciting educational experience.
of tides. High - water heights vary from 22 to 28 feet and low - water heights
states that "a body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal the weight
Since ice fishing is a risky activity, it is crucial do certain things before attempting to step over the ice. This article explores five of them as follows.
In the end, this experiment should have taught you how the different shapes of boat hulls effect how well your boat will be stable out on the water. The results from the experiment also have shown you that certain boat hull styles can support more weight than others. Another important finding was how weight distribution was a major factor because it can mean the difference between keeping your boat afloat or tipping over and capsizing. Now you know how a boat’s hull style affects how it floats.
against the water and to move the hull higher. The force of the water against
The trials and tribulations of flight have had their ups and downs over the course of history. From the many who failed to the few that conquered; the thought of flight has always astonished us all. The Wright brothers were the first to sustain flight and therefore are credited with the invention of the airplane. John Allen who wrote Aerodynamics: The Science of Air in Motion says, “The Wright Brothers were the supreme example of their time of men gifted with practical skill, theoretical knowledge and insight” (6). As we all know, the airplane has had thousands of designs since then, but for the most part the physics of flight has remained the same. As you can see, the failures that occurred while trying to fly only prove that flight is truly remarkable.
1620 AD A Dutchman, named Cornelis Drebel, built the first successful submarine with a wooden frame that was encased in leather. This craft was able to carry 12 rowers and eight additional people, totaling the people in the craft to 20. This vessel was capable of diving to depths of 20 meters and could travel 10 kilometers at a time. This submarine was tested in the Thames River, and would often remain submerged for hours. This submarine was the first to address the problem of oxygen shortage.
As far as we can document history, fluid dynamics and related engineering were always integral parts of human evolution. Ancient civilizations built ships, sails, irrigation systems, and flood-management structures, all requiring some basic understanding of fluid flow. Perhaps the best known early scientist in this field is Archimedes of Syracuse (287–212 b.c.e.), founder of the field now we call “fluid statics,” whose laws on buoyancy and flotation are used to this day.
The Physics Classroom. "Frequency and Period of a Wave." Physic Classroom. The Physics Classroom, 1996. Web. 28 Nov. 2013. .