Introduction In the analysis of the Philippine Executive, it is best to study the Office of the President. Throughout history, different personalities have occupied the Office of the President who may have institutionalized or de-institutionalized it. Since the creation of the 1987 Constitution, there have been four presidents that have been under the Constitution.
The 1987 Constitution
The 1935 Constitution provided for a Head of State and Head of Government which is co-equal and co-ordinate with the legislative and judiciary. On the other hand, 1973 Constitution had a feature of a parliamentary government. These two provide Ferdinand Marcos with transitory provisions and commander-in-chief provision, among others, which he used to take
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THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE VII. Retrieved on January 22, 2014 from http://www.gov.ph/the-philippine-Constitutions/the-1987-Constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-Constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-vii/
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In fear of abuse of power the United States created three branches of government that were to have authority over each other. However, occasionally a president is able to bypass the correct checks and balances put in place. When a president abuses his power he is known as an Imperial President. There have been numerous times where a president has abused their power; the following presidents most known for their abuse are Theodore Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Lyndon Johnson, and Richard Nixon.
Kellner, Douglas (1989). Ernesto "Che" Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present). Chelsea House Publishers. pp. 112. ISBN 1555468357.
“Spanish dictator.” Sunday Mail; Kuala Lumpur. 28 Jul. 2002: 22. eLibrary. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
The Constitution lays out power sharing amongst the President and Congress. However the Constitution is not always clearly defined which leaves questions to how the laws should be interpreted and decisions implemented. There are three major models of presidential power within foreign policy; the first being the presidential model in which decisions abroad are made by the president and his or her top aides and advisors. This model is accepted amongst many because during times of urgency and crisis the president must make quick decisions. The president unlike congress is provided various sources of intelligence information, which is a benefit in analyzing situations globally and making sound decisions.
Understanding and evaluating presidents’ performance often poses challenges for political experts. The nation votes one president at the time and each presidency faces different tests. The environments surrounding a presidency have a tremendous impact on the success and failure of that presidency. In addition, the president exercises his power through a check and balance system embody in the Constitution. As stated in (Collier 1959), the Constitution created a government of “separated institutions sharing power.” As a result, a president works with others institutions of the government to shape the nation’s agenda. Thus, determining a presidential performance becomes difficult, especially when it comes to comparing the performance among presidencies.
Presidential power has become a hot topic in the media the in recent years. There has been extensive debate about what a president should be able to do, especially without the involvement of Congress and the American people. While this debate has become more publicized since the Bush administration, similar issues of presidential power date back to Truman and the Korean War. As with much of the structure of the U.S. government, the powers of the president are constantly evolving with the times and the executives.
All forty-four of the United States’ presidents have wielded executive power. With executive power, all of them had the ability to issue executive orders. The definition of an executive order states that it is a “presidential [order that carries] out policies described in laws that have been passed by Congress”.
Richard E. Neustadt, the author of Presidential Power, addresses the politics of leadership and how the citizens of the United States rate the performance of the president's term. We measure his leadership by saying that he is either "weak or "strong" and Neustadt argues that we have the right to do so, because his office has become the focal point of politics and policy in our political system. Neustadt brings to light three main points: how we measure the president, his strategy of presidential influence, and how to study them both. Today we deal with the President himself and his influence on government action. The president now includes about 2000 men and women, the president is only one of them, but his performance can not be measured without focusing on himself.
Article Two of the United States Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which carries out and enforces federal laws. The executive branch includes the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees. The power is vested in the President, who is currently our 45th President, Donald J. Trump. The President is the leader of the executive branch and is elected every four years. One president may serve a maximum of two, four-year terms. In addition, the President is responsible for appointing the heads of all executive agencies and federal commissions. Moreover, The President holds all the power for this branch of the government and the other members report to the
The Executive Branch has many powers but in some ways they are limited by the Constitution. Some of the president's powers are to enforce and the carry out laws made by Congress. In addition, the president has to make treaties with foreign nations, appointment certain government officials, veto laws, is the Commander-in-Chief, and deal with Ambassadors from other countries. The president also calls together both houses of Congress which are the House of Representatives and Senate. Some limits are "advice an consent" from Congress
Historically the prerogative was exercised by the monarchy, the majority of powers are now used by ministers, and very few remained the personal preserve of the sovereign. The extent to which the judiciary and the legislature are able to regulate the exercise of prerogative powers by the executive has increased. However, there are still some who are concerned by the lack of control that can be exerted by the other constitutional bodies.
Within the constitution of a nation, powers are delegated to certain institutions of that nation?s government. Although in many cases similar, nations can vary drastically when defining the organizational structure from which they operate. Some democratic constitutions delegate more power to the executive branch while in other nations more power is given to the legislature. This point can be illustrated when the same branch of a nation?s government is compared with that of another. An example of differing executive powers can be viewed between the Russian Federation and Japan.
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Fundamentally, the executive branch of U.S government was established to enforce and execute the laws that the legislative branch makes. The executive is made of many parts each with their different specific responsibilities. The President is the head of the executive branch and acts as both the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. As the head of state, the president has the responsibilities of appointing the heads of all executive agencies and federal commissions, holding the power to veto bills whenever the Congress ordains laws, issuing executive orders, supporting diplomacy with other nations signing pardons and international treaties and also presenting a State of the Union address to the Congress regularly. The Constitution requires that each Presid...
"THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE II." Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. N.p., 11 Feb. 1987. Web. 8 Mar. 2014. .