Introduction
Muller-Lyer illusion is one of the most studied perceptual illusions experiment in cognitive psychology. The illusion experiment was created by Psychiatrist Franz Carl Muller-Lyer in 1889. The Muller-Lyer illusion reveals that when three horizontal lines with the same length are presented together. The first line has two outward wings at its end; the second doesn’t have wings; and the last line has two inward wings at its end. Muller-Lyer illusion says that the line with outward wings looks longer than the line without wings, and the other line with inward wings looks shorter than the one without wings. In our CogLab experiment, it is designed to have only a line with outward wings and another line that has no wings showing to the participants; their task was to choose which line is longer than the other in the experiment. In this experiment, the constant stimuli experimental method will keep the length of the line with outward wings constant throughout the experiment. The result will tell us participants’ judgments of physical length may be deluded by the presence of outward wings. Participants tend to perceive that the line with wings looks longer than a line without wings. (CogLab, Muller-Lyer Illusion, Cengage Learning)
Method
In this experiment, two vertical lines will be presented to the participants in each trial. There are 130 trials. The line with outward wings will always keep the same length. The line without wings (also known as perceived line in CogLab, Muller-Lyer Illusion, Cengage Learning) will change its length from trial to trial. Participants will be asked to choose which line is longer in each trial. Participants have to complete each trial in a few second in order to make the illusion effect...
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According to the CogLab experiment, the Muller-Lyer illusion has been tested on 3201 participants. The results are consistent with the theory. However, I believe the experiment may be affected by the size of wings. In my opinion, I will argue that consistency of the Muller-Lyer illusion can be challenged if the size of the wings changes. If the size of wings became smaller with respect to the design of this experiment, the illusion effect can be smaller and our visual capacity can remain normal. If the size of wings became longer, for example wings are one third of the length of the line, then our visual capacity can be strongly influenced at this time. When we look at the lines, we will automatically take the length of wings into consideration. Therefore, the length of the wings can be a huge factor that challenges the consistence of the experiment result.
Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. T., & Wegner, D. M. (2010). Psychology. (2nd ed., p. 600). New York: Worth Pub.
Motion parallax gives females an estimate of the distance to display objects, yielding a size estimate that will conflict with illusory sixe estimates generated by forced-perspective and Ebbinghaus illusions.
One wonders what takes place in the brain to cause such phenomenal differences in perception. The cause is unknown for certain, like many things in the realm of science it has not been researched nearly enough, but there are some indications.
Over the past weeks we have learned a lot of new things. I learned about different races, ethnicities, and cultures. The world would not be the same if everyone was the same race and it is a great thing to learn about everyone and where they are from, and where they have come from. Everyone is different in their own way and it is our duty to accept everyone as a whole. I am going to talk about the social construct of race today, some of our readings, and a lot of our discussions that are always fun.
“The Illusionist” is a short story by Steven Millhauser, which was adapted into a movie directed by Neil Burger in 2008 which both take place in Vienna. The short story’s plot revolves around Eisenheim and his relationship between himself and the state, which is still featured in the movie. Eisenheim’s illusions also cause him a bit of trouble; in the short story the cause of trouble is an illusion, which produces two spirits by the name of Rosa, Elis, and a boy who appears to be no older than eight. In the movie adaptation, the final straw that causes the Crown Prince to finally pursue persecution of Eisenheim is the illusion that again, produces a spirit, which turns out to be his dead fiancée. Because of Inspector Uhl’s growing obsession of Eisenheim, throughout the movie and the short story, it further ignites the blur between what is the reality and what is his illusion. Uhl’s obsession over Eisenheim and his illusions helps blur the reality around him.
The independent variables in this experiment are the time and the foils presented to the subject. The dependent variable is the discrimination index. The...
Baillargeon, R., & Graber, M. (1987). Where’s the rabbit? 5.5 month-old infants’ representation of the height of a hidden object. Cognitive Development, 2, 375-392.
The one who came up with the idea was actually Hermann van Helmholtz. The one who actually constructed it for the first time was ophthalmologist Adelbert Ames. Even though Ames added more to the concept that Helmholtz had in mind it still worked like it was supposed to. The illusion leads the one viewing the room to believe that the two individuals are standing in the same depth, when in rarely both are standing much closer. This is all because we use monocular vision. Monocular vision is like closing one eye and using the other one to look. By using monocular vision all the distorted in the room looks normal to the person looking through the pinhole. Since two visible corners of the room look like they have the same angle to the eye through the pinhole, the two corners appear to be the same size and distance away. The left corner is actually twice as far away as the right corner. When the viewer sees the room from another angle than the pinhole the true shape of the room is seen easily. There is a reaction of surprise when you move away from the pinhole. This shows that besides one's prediction of the room we had an expectation of the room's shape that is also formed by one's prediction of
Advances in technology and the expansion of trade have, without a doubt, improved the standard of living dramatically for peoples around the world. Globalization brings respect for law and human rights and the democratization of politics, education, and finance to developing societies, but is usually slow in doing so. It is no easy transition or permanent solution to conflict, as some overly zealous proponents would argue. In The Great Illusion, Norman Angell sees globalization as a force which results from and feeds back into the progressive change of human behavior from using physical force toward using rational, peaceful methods in order to achieve economic security and prosperity. He believes that nations will no longer wage war against one another because trade, not force, yields profit in the new global economy, and he argues that “military power is socially and economically futile” because “political and military power can in reality do nothing for trade.” While the economic interdependence of nations should prove to be a deterrent from warfare, globalization is not now, and was not a century ago, a prescription for world peace. At the turn of the twentieth century, formal colonialism was still profitable in some regions, universal free trade was not a reality, nationalism was not completely defunct, military force was necessary to protect economic investments in developing locations, and the arms race of the previous century had created the potential for an explosive war if any small spark should set the major powers off against one another. The major flaw in Angell’s argument is his refusal to acknowledge the economic advantages that colonizing powers, even after globalization has started to take shape, can actuall...
In 1976, Thomas was present at a scientific symposium where she surveyed an exhibit displaying an illusion. The exhibit utilized concave mirrors to trick the onlooker into assuming that an illuminated bulb was glowing even after it had been unscrewed from the socket. She was so fascinated by what she observed that she believed this would be extensive if, ...
Wright, B. C., & Dowker, A. D. (2002). The role of cues to differential absolute size in children’s transitive inferences. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 81, 249–275. doi:10.1006/jecp.2001.2653
The experiments were quite simple, in that there was a seemingly harmless task to be performed, and the participants were instructed to choose the estimation of the lengths of a line when compared to two ...
In his 1955 experiment, he had participants analyze the similarities in line length out loud, but planted “confederates” to give incorrect answers. To his surprise, 32% of participants conformed to the obviously incorrect answers per trial, and 76% conformed at least once (McLeod, 2008).
There are six diagonal lines. At one end there are circles on them giving the impression of three circular prongs. At the other end the same size lines have cross connecting lines consistent with two square prongs. These perceptions can violate our expectations for what is possible often to a delightful effect.
Weiner, I. Healy, A. Freedheim, D. Proctor,R.W., Schinka,J.A. (2003) Handbook of Psychology: Experimental psychology,18, pp 500