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Childhood trauma and brain development
History of shaken baby syndrome
Shaken baby syndrome history
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Recommended: Childhood trauma and brain development
Pediatric abusive head trauma, also known as shaken baby syndrome, is a devastating form of abuse. It occurs when a young child is violently shaken. The repeated shaking back and forth motion causes the child’s brain to bounce within the skull, resulting in bruising and swelling. This intentionally inflicted injury causes trauma to the head and neck region, including cranial, cerebral, and spinal injuries. It occurs in infants and small children because the muscles of the neck region aren’t strong enough to go against the shaking force that occurs. Some make a complete recovery; others are left with debilitating handicaps, and in some cases death occurs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), states that among all the forms of child abuse, head trauma is the leading cause of death and disability and is the most preventable. Pediatric abusive head trauma has a greater mortality and morbidity than any other form of physical abuse. Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are essential for children that present with this traumatic injury. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), the incidence of pediatric abusive head trauma vary, but most range from 20 to 30 cases per 100,000 children under 1 year of age. The incidence rate is noted to decrease with the increasing age of the child. The incidence is substantially higher with children 1 year of age and younger. The purpose of this paper is to discuss pediatric abusive head trauma, its physical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, outcome and prognosis, and prevention and education. Physical Manifestations Varying physical manifestations are present in abusive head trauma. There are usually many defining characteristics. Immediately the... ... middle of paper ... ...uate utah’s shaken baby prevention program. Academic Pediatrics, 10(6), 389-394. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.08.005 Meskauskas, L., Beaton, K., & Meservey, M. (2009). Preventing shaken baby syndrome: a multidisciplinary response to six tragedies. Nursing For Women’s Health, 13(4), 325-330. doi:10.1111/j.1751-486X.2009.01442.x Mraz, M. (2009). The physical manifestations of shaken baby syndrome. Journal Of Forensic Nursing, 5(1), 26-30. Doi:10.1111/j.1939-3938.2009.01027.x Parks, S., Annest, J., Hill, H., & Karch, D. (2012). Pediatric abusive head trauma: recommended definitions for public health surveillance and research. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for injury Prevention and control. Stoll, B., & Anderson, J. K. (2013). Prevention of abusive head trauma: a literature review. Pediatric Nursing, 39(6), 300-308.
“Tutorial 7 · Recognizing and Addressing Trauma in Infants, Young Children, and Their Families.” Trauma Signs and Symptoms, 3 Dec. 2017, www.ecmhc.org/tutorials/trauma/mod3_1.html.
Shaken Baby Syndrome is defined as shaking an infant or young child vigorously by the arms, legs, chest, or shoulders. This forceful shaking can result in brain damage leading to mental retardation, speech, learning disabilities, paralysis, seizures, hearing loss, blindness and even death. Shaken baby syndrome is very difficult to diagnose unless someone who is professionally trained knows what to look for. Physicians often report that infants with possible S.B.S. is brought to a medical facility due to falls, difficulty breathing, seizures, vomiting, consciousness, or choking. These diagnostics usually are from an internal head injury given to the baby by the shaking. To diagnose S.B.S, doctors look for retinal hemorrhages (bleeding in the retinas of the eyes), subdural hematoma (blood in the brain), and increased head size showing excessive fluid in the brain tissues (Squier, (2011), p. 521). If you see your child with bruises on their face or head could be caused by...
Shaken baby syndrome or SBS according to google is, “an injury to a baby caused by being shaken violently and repeatedly.” 80% of babies who have SBS suffer from lifelong disabilities. These disabilities include speech and learning disabilities, seizures, hearing loss, and sometimes can result in death. Shaken baby syndrome is very dangerous, and can be avoided. Parents should be informed on the long lasting effects of shaken baby syndrome. There are designated classes to take, so people can be aware of the effects of SBS and what to do when a baby has been shook. Even if you’re not a parent, it is still encouraged for any caregiver or babysitter, or anyone who deals with infants on a daily basis, to take this class to be aware. Most times SBS occurs when a baby is 6 months or younger.
middle of paper ... ... While there is no neurobiological or neuropathological explanation as to why CTE occurs, the majority of researchers believe the disease is strongly related to previous head injuries. An individual suffering from CTE will most likely experience changes in their mood, behavior, and cognition. Because this is a relatively new area of research, there are still a vast amount of unknowns pertaining to the disease’s symptoms, pathology, and natural course.
Thesis: Concussions affect children and adults of all ages causing physical, emotional and metal trauma to a person and their brain.
Thesis Statement: Our veterans deserve for the procedures implicated in the treatment of all mild head injuries to have detailed diagnostic testing, in-depth evaluations, and follow up so there are not adverse future effects.
Shaken Baby Syndrome is, “a condition of whiplash-type injuries, ranging from bruises on the arms and trunk to retinal hemorrhages or convulsions, as observed in infants and children who have been violently shake; a form of child abuse that often results in intracranial bleeding from tearing of cerebral blood vessels” (Jacobs & Jacobs, 2004, p. 214).
Miles, K. (2013, May). Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome). Retrieved May 15, 2013, from Baby Center: http://www.babycenter.com/0_abusive-head-trauma-shaken-baby-syndrome_1501729.bc
The only result from the testing consistent with a brain injury was the abnormal pupil response of the right eye (constriction) (Traumatic brain injury, 2015). The physical effects that could have pointed to a brain injury were the laceration to the right side of the gentleman’s head and the amount of blood loss. The complaints from the patient that may have insisted a brain injury included a severe headache, dizziness, and nausea (Traumatic brain injury, 2015).
Twenty five to thirty percent of babies shaken die (National Shaken Baby Syndrome). Immediate medical attention can help reduce the impact of shaking, but many children are left with permanent damage from the shaking. The treatment of survivors falls into 3 major categories. Those categories are medical, behavioral, and educational. In addition to medical care, children may need speech and language therapy, vision therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and special education services. (Showers, 1997) Many incidents of Shaken Baby Syndrome are not reported out of fear. It is important to seek immediate and early medical attention. Serious complications and even death can be avoided.
Children experience decreased development in the left brain when traumatic events occur (Network, n.d.). Imagine being a child and growing up with these types of events occurring. A traumatic event in a child’s life can cause a child to experience a long lasting negative effect. Life events are happening everywhere and more often in the lives of children (Understanding Child Traumatic Stress, n.d.). Trauma can cause them to do three things. First, they try to see what the danger is and how serious it is. Secondly there are strong emotional and physical reactions. Thirdly they attempt to come up with what to do that can help them with the danger. Traumatic events can cause a child to develop differently, which effects the young child stage,
Physical effects are the most common with the less severe head trauma, but if not taken seriously can lead to much serious issues. The most basic physical symptom is just normal head and neck
Head injuries are very serious and dangerous. Some head injuries can cause neurological brain damage. They are commonly found in the sports world, putting athletes at risk. There are a lot of head injuries that are dangerous or could cause serious damage brain and in turn, the body. Because of this, precautions, rules, and guidelines need to be in place to prevent and treat these athletes. If these things are not put in place, it could mean the difference between life and death for these athletes. There are many different injuries that can occur to the head and face. Facial injuries can be very dangerous as it can concern the eyes nose and mouth.
This paper addresses the long term and short term consequences of child abuse and the different treatments to work with traumas that come along this action. Different approaches to work with child abuse and the effectiveness of treatment with children are discussed. The definition of child maltreatment, its causes, and factors are also detailed.
Stocchetti, N., Pagan, F., Calappi, E., Canavesi, K., Beretta, L., Citerio, G., … Colombo, A., (2004). Inaccurate early assessment of neurological severity in head injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(9), 1131-1140. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1131