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Acute renal failure quizlet with rationales
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Explain the pathophysiology of acute renal failure. Include prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal causes. The pathophysiology of acute renal failure takes place when the kidney no longer works properly. Prerenal causes of acute kidney failure are a lack of prefusion to the kidney. The primary cause of prerenal is ischemia, or inadequate blood flow to the kidney. This lack of perfusion leads to renal failure. Some causes of prerenal acute renal failure can include blood lose or dehydration. Intrarenal causes are damage to the kidney. Some causes of intrarenal are trauma to the kidney or medications damaging the kidneys. Post renal failure occurs when urine cannot be excreted from the kidney normally. Common causes of post renal failure includes occlusion of the urinary track.
What diagnostic exams would be used to diagnose acute renal failure? How do these tests change as renal failure progresses though its 3 stages? Discuss, compare and contrast the 3 stages. Some test doctors use to diagnose acute renal failure include a blood urea nitrogen, urinalysis, serum creatinine levels, serum potassium levels. A blood urea nitrogen test can help find out how well your kidneys are functioning. A urinalysis is used as a way to help detect what is wrong or how bad the renal failure is. A serum creatinine level test is used to detect how well the kidneys are functioning. A serum potassium level test, like the serum creatinine test, is also a good indicator of how well the kidneys are filtering. Doctors also use an ultrasound, x-ray, or MRI to look at the kidneys. In the first stage of renal failure Stage one of acute renal initials diminished function. Signs and symptoms will start to show up in any testing done. glomerular filtration rate at s...
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...ng and trying to have the patient stick to a proper diet. Long-term goals include sticking to drug and treatment therapy, helping the patient adapt to their new lifestyle, and trying to prevent infection.
Works Cited
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Kidney Care is comprised of U.S. dialysis and related lab services, ancillary services and strategic initiatives, including international operations and corporate administrative support. The U.S. dialysis and related lab services business is the largest line of business, which is a leading provider of kidney dialysis services in the U.S. for patients suffering from chronic kidney failure, also known as end stage renal disease (ESRD). The HCP division is a patient- and physician-focused integrated healthcare delivery and management company with over two decades of providing coordinated, outcomes-based medical care in a cost-effective manner ("DaVita Healthcare Partners 10-K Annual Report" 2015). STp(c) Segmentation, targeting, and positioning together comprise a three stage process.
There are two types of glomerulonephritis—acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The ACF form generally develops suddenly as a result of an infection or illness, such as, group A streptococci bacteria, hepatitis, or in diseases such as lupus or HIV (Mathias, 2013). This type may require dialysis to replace renal function while it lasts, however, kidney function usually returns after the primary illness is treated. Many acute patients will not have any other complications as no permanent damage is done. Whereas CKD is found in a person that has had glomerulonephritis for months to years in some cases and may be asymptomatic until the kidney has become irreversibly damaged. ARF can evolve to become chronic if the glomeruli do not respond to
The kidneys play a major role in the blood composition and volume , the excretion of metabolic wastes in the urine, the control the acid/base balance in the body and the hormone production for maintaining hemostasis. The damages to the GBM in the glomeruli alter filtration process that allows the protein and red blood cells to leak into the urine. Loss of protein like albumin in the urine results in a decrease of their level into the blood stream. Consequently, this patient’s blood reveals a decreased albumin (Alb) value of 2.9 g/dL, decreased serum total protein value of 5 .0 g/dL and in the urine presents of the protein and the RBCs. Impaired filtering capacity result in inability of kidneys to excrete excretory products like electrolytes and metabolic waste products that will then accumulate in the blood. Furthermore, inability of distal convoluted tubules to excrete sufficient quantities of potassium, sodium, magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl), urea, creatinine (Cr), alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phos), and phosphate (PO4) results in their elevation in the blood. His laboratory values reveal an increased of sodium value of 149 meq/L, an increase of potassium value of 5.4meq/L, increased chloride value of 116 meq/L, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) serum of 143 mg/dL, and increased creatinine serum of 7.14 mg/dL. The other abnormal blood tests associated with a loss of kidneys’ filtration property identify in this patient are related to an increase of alkaline phosphatase value of 178 IU/L, increased magnesium value of 3.8mgdL, and increased phosphate (PO4) value of 5.9 mg/dL .
The chemistry test shows the levels of electrolytes found in the blood: sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium. Imbalances in these electrolytes can cause complications, which especially in the case of potassium, can be deadly. Also shown by the chemistry test, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels can show how well the patient’s kidneys are functioning in filtering waste from the blood. Trauma and blood loss can affect how the kidney’s function not only in filtering waste, but also in acid-base balance, and balancing electrolyte levels. Another marker of kidney function is the glomerular filtration rate, which measures the rate filtrate is created by the glomerulus of the kidney (Winkelman, 2016). This is controlled by the kidneys themselves, meaning changes in the function of the kidneys can lead to an altered filtration rate (Winkelman, 2016). Lactic acid is measured by the chemistry test also, and an increase in lactic acid can signify acidosis caused by the lactic acid being formed by cells that do not have adequate oxygen to process glucose for energy (Workman, 2016). This decrease in available oxygen could be caused by damage to or impairment of the lungs. Carbon-dioxide, which is also measured by the chemistry test, can show
Ms. Bardsley functions as a hemodialysis liaison and leader in clinical practice with the following roles: charge nurse, preceptor, and mentor for her colleagues. She is the resource person for the Hct-Line monitoring tool. The tool is used to monitor patient’s fluid removal during treatment to avoid hypotensive episodes associated with decreased perfusion to the heart. She routinely monitors the patient outcomes which to date has resulted in 0 admissions. She recently updated the policy to make it more user friendly for the staff and to maintain staff competency.
According to The National Kidney Foundation (2014) “Kidney Failure does not have symptoms that are found to be medical concerning which then once people find out they have Acute Renal Failure it is already in an advanced stage”. There are subjective and objective signs and symptoms for Acute Renal Failure. Subjective symptoms are Lethargy, Fatigue, restless leg syndrome, depression, shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, confusion, intractable hiccups. Objective...
Carlstrom, Charles T., and Christy D. Rollow. "Organ Transplant Shortages: A Matter Of Life And Death." USA Today Magazine 128.2654 (1999): 50. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Oct. 2016.
Weitz, J., Koch, M., Mehrabi, A., Schemmer, P., Zeier, M., Beimler, J., … Schmidt, J. (2006). Living-donar kidney transplantation: Risks of the donor- benefits of the recipient. Clinical Transplantation , 20 (17), 13-16.
The renal disease are common nowadays .The acute renal failure is a medical term means that the kidneys stopped from working and not able to clear toxins from body ,not able to maintained a stable electrolyte balance inside the body and not able to secret the extra fluid as urine outside the body. The renal replacement therapy (RRT) or dialysis has been discovered on 1913 by Able, Rowntree and Turner in London, UK.
Quinan, P. (2007). Control and coping for individuals with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A position paper. CANNT Journal, 17(3), 77-84.
Hemodialysis uses a dialyzer, or special filter, to clean your blood. The dialyzer connects to a machine. During treatment, your blood travels through tubes into the dialyzer. The dialyzer filters out wastes and extra fluids. Then the newly cleaned blood flows through another set of tubes and back into your body.
The article has been well organized and written. Mackay clearly states her rationale for writing the article and provides a valid reason to hold up her article with sources. Within the introduction section, the authors present worrying statistics of Americans affected by kidney disorders. Moreover, the author provides the disadvantages of dialysis with only Kidney transplantation being the only option. The author relates the topic to the readers...
To the majority of Americans, dialysis is a confusing process that they will hopefully never have endure, but for hundreds of thousands people, it is a daily fact of life. According to US News and World Report, “In the United States, almost 400,000 people undergo dialysis every year.” (Gordon, 2012, para. 4) Their lives revolve around receiving dialysis three days a week for three to four hours per treatment, usually at an outpatient clinic. While dialysis can prolong the end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients’ life, the three day a week trudge to this clinic can feel like and endless cycle of discomfort and inconvenience. Fortunately the ESRD patient has more than one option, namely, peritoneal dialysis.
Organ Transplants: A Brief History (21 February, 2012) Retrieved from History in the Headlines Website: http://www.history.com/news/organ-transplants-a-brief-history
CKD is a common community and public health concern in the United States and many more other countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and even African countries. In the United States alone, there are more than 20 million people living with CKD. Although CKD already affects many people in the United States, the number is likely to increase by a huge margin in the future. The major burden caused by CKD in the United States is felt in terms of premature morbidity, mortality, low quality of life, and high costs of care for patients with the disease (Couser, Remuzzi, Mendis, & Tonelli, 2011). The health problem is also unevenly distributed in the country as it mostly affects minorities and less-fortunate families. However, there is evidence that preventive measures targeting political, economic, and environmental facto...