Generally a fever is associated with a common cold, but in some cases a fever can be one of the symptoms of the deadly disease Typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is most common in underdeveloped countries but many cases have appeared in the United States and many Western countries. In some places, Typhoid fever is the leading killer of people. There are key symptoms to look out for, many ways to diagnose it, different treatments, and a hopeful prognosis for those who are infected.
This disease has been around for ages, it can date back to the 400 BC, when it struck many villages in Athens and killed one third of the population. The leader of the Athens at that time, Pericles was also affected and died of the disease. Typhoid Fever is a common worldwide illness and has been cited in many areas and countries all over the world. When it first appeared, it was found to be deadly in all the areas it affected. Today, with the advancements in medicine it is not deadly if treated with antibiotics. Typhoid fever is spread through food and water contaminated by people with typhoid shedding S. typhi. It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi, which infects the blood and the intestines.
Typhoid fever is commonly found in developing countries located in Asia, Africa and South America. The disease occurs frequently in countries such as Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, and Pakistan “The higher mortality rates from typhoid fever seen in many developing countries can be attributed to a weak—or non-existent—healthcare infrastructure, which does not provide ready access to the antibiotics that could cure the disease” (Aldridge, 2008). “According to the World Health Organization, there are around 17 m...
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... disease so that they are aware that they have it and are more vigilant to not spread the disease.
Works Cited
Aldridge, S. (2008). Typhoid fever. Retrieved April 19, 2011, from Gale Virtual Reference Library database. (GALECX3045200245)
Carson- Dewitt, R. (2004). Typhoid fever. Retrieved April 19, 2011, from Gale Virtual Reference Library database. (GALECX3418502360)
Dugdale, D. C. (n.d.). Typhoid fever. Retrieved April 19, 2011, from Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine website: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm
Typhoid fever. (n.d.). Retrieved April 20, 2011, from Logical Images website: http://www.skinsight.com/atlas/typhoidFever-signsAndSymptoms.htm
Typhoid fever [Blog]. (2009, March 23). Retrieved April 20, 2011, from http://alistaircreelman.blogspot.com/2009/03/mr-t-for-typhoid.html
Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the gram-negative organism Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through fecal-oral or urine-oral route by either direct or indirect contact of the carrier’s or infected individual’s feces or urine. Humans are the only source of this organism. Ingestion of
Whether it the public policy makers perspective, the social perspective, or her own perspective, a central issue is that Mary Mallon was targeted and sent to live in isolation while other known typhoid carriers lived free l...
?No public health officer could free them from congenital defeats, various worms and diseases indigenous to filthy surroundings?
You woke up a week ago feeling odd. You were not sure what was wrong, but your body was full of aches, you felt hot to the touch, and you kept vomiting. Your mother told you to lay down and rest, hoping it was just a cold. After a few days, you began to feel better, well enough that you wanted to return to the river to watch the trade ships come in. Now, unfortunately, your symptoms have come back with a vengeance – your fever is back along with intense abdominal pain, your mouth is bleeding without being wounded, and every time you vomit, it appears black in color. Also, when you look in the mirror, your skin has changed from the sun-kissed color you have always been to a dull yellow hue. The doctor comes in to examine you; he makes many “tsk tsk” noises and hurries out of the room with a cloth over his face. The doctor mumbles to your mother that he believes you have Yellow Jack and there is nothing more he can do, you are going to die. Your mother weeps uncontrollably yet you cannot react because another horrendous pain in your head has doubled you over. Soon, as you stop shaking and begin to relax, the sounds of the doctor and your mother become white noise and your surroundings begin to dull until you prove the doctor right; another person fell victim to the infectious Yellow Fever virus.
two hundred million people suffer world wide from Schistosomiasis. It is often misdiagnosed as Typhoid Fever. It is also found in mammals such as cattle and water buffalo.
Salmonella is one of the most common food-borne diseases that attack an enormous amount of people in poor countries every year. It is shown that “Today, it still attacks some 17 million people in poor countries each year, and kills about 600,000 of them. Back before antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, typhoid was very much feared” (Trek 1). Despite the advance in technology and medicine, Salmonella is
In crowded conditions, the rate of infection is even more rapid. The diseases brought over to America were mainly spread by the respiratory method. The pathogenesis of infection is through the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Throughout Europe during the 15th century, food and water were contaminated with fecal matter and by unsanitary habits ( i.e. the lack of bathing). The traumatic route of infection is through insect and animal bites.
The main diseases that showed the most virulence during the time were cholera, yellow fever and consumption now known as tuberculosis. The 9th census mortality data showed that 1 out 7 deaths from disease were caused by tuberculosis and 1 out of 24 disease deaths were resulting from cholera. . Until the 1870s...
Salmonella is a gram-negative rod, which is known to infect humans, birds, and other mammals by invading and irritating the intestines. It is more common in poultry and swine which, if consumed, can cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps. The infectious disease can be found almost everywhere and anywhere, including in water, animal feces, raw poultry, and raw seafood. Animals consume salmonella from the soil or contaminated processed feed. In humans, salmonella can lead to a developing typhoid-like fever that persists among other symptoms. However, there is no vaccine available for Salmonella but no treatment is needed because the infection is usually simply fought off by the immune system. There are various ways of preventing the salmonella infection as well, for example, careful cleaning of hands and utensils while cooking are simple preventative actions. Keeping clean and properly preparing food are the best ways contamination and spread of Salmonella can be avoided.
The patient presented in the setting of a large epidemiologic study of yellow fever virus;
The Disease Yellow Fever Throughout history, many different diseases have infected the world. Such diseases consist of measles, mumps, malaria, typhus and yellow fever. Many of these diseases are caused by different things and originated in different countries. Yellow fever is a deadly disease caused by a viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Although it is found to be most common in males in their early 20's, yellow fever can affect any sex, race, or age.
The summary of CDC Reportable Diseases contains the statistics of the notifiable illnesses and conditions. "A notifiable infectious disease or condition is one for which regular, frequent, and timely information regarding individual cases is considered necessary for the prevention and control of the disease or condition" (www.cdc.gov). Reportable diseases and conditions are reported to public health authorities by health care providers. Protection of public health is ensured by proper identification and follow up cases. "Case notification of nationally notifiable infectious diseases and conditions helps public health authorities monitor the effect of these diseases and conditions, measure the disease and condition trends, assess the effectiveness
Marburg hemorrhagic fever (Marburg HF) is a rare but acute hemorrhagic fever that affects both humans and primates. Transmission is mainly human-to-human, resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. The individuals at the highest risk of transmission include family members and hospital staff who care for patients infected with Marburg virus. Individuals who have close interaction with African fruit bat, human patients, or non-human primates disease-ridden with Marburg Virus are at risk. The variance diagnoses usually consist of malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera,
In developing counties. Thousands of children die each year from simple illnesses.
Salmonella is also a bacterium that is widespread in the intestines of birds, reptiles, and mammals. It can spread to the human species a variety of different ways; through foods or animal origins. Some examples of food involved in outbreaks are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. The illnesses it causes are typically fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In people with poor underlying health or weakened immune...