Definition of an Ileus Paralytic Ileus, also called bowel obstruction, intestinal volvulus (twisted intestine) and colonic ileus is a life-threatening mechanical or non-mechanical, partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine and can be fatal if not treated. Ileus comes from the Latin word for colic. (“Ileus” Tish Davidson, A. (thinksp) M. and Rebecca J. Frey, PhD the Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fndukian. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 6 vols). If left untreated, intestinal obstruction can cause serious, life-threatening complications, including: • Tissue death. Intestinal obstruction can cut off the blood supply to part of your intestine. Lack of blood causes the intestinal wall to die. Tissue death can result in a tear (perforation) in the intestinal wall, which can lead to infection. • Infection. Peritonitis is the medical term for infection in the abdominal cavity. It's a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical and often surgical attention. (Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 4th Ed, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter) Paralytic Ileuses can occur at any age, race or gender, but is one of the major causes of intestinal obstruction in infants and children. Infants with cystic fibrosis are more likely to experience meconium ileus (a dark green material in the intestine). The major cause of ileus is surgery occurring within and about the intestines, but normal activity of the intestines usually returns within hours to days after such operations. Ileuses can also be caused by Heart disease and kidney diseases, especially when potassium levels decrease. Certain chemotherapy drugs such as vinblastine and vincristine can also cause Ileuses. Over all the total rate of bow... ... middle of paper ... ...it: Gale, 2002. 1779-1780. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 16 May 2014. http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3405600833&v=2.1&u=lirn43170&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=8e426a74a97a89ba83ccf900ca17ebba Mayo Clinic Family Health Book, 4th Ed, Newsletter: Mayo Clinic Health Letter McKenzie S, Evers BM. Small intestine. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds.Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2012:chap 50. Fry RD, Mahmoud N, Maron DJ, Bleier JIS. Colon and rectum. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2012:chap 52. Turnage RH, Heldmann M. Intestinal obstruction. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 119.
complications include hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction (from intessusception or volvulus) and neoplasia. In our case the patient had a proximal small bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus with impaction of two smaller stones at a MD. This is exceptionally rare with only 3 cases having been reported in the literature. The techniques for surgical resection of MD are simple diverticulectomy or a segmental small bowel resection. As far as we know, there are no studies directly comparing these two resection techniques. However, as in our case, if the small bowel lumen is in danger of being narrowed or the neck of the diverticulum is wide, a segmental resection is favored over a simple diverticulectomy. [3]
DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: The patient was taken to the operating room and after induction a general endotracheal anesthetic, the abdomen was prepped and draped in a sterile manner. Then, 0.5% Marcaine was injected superior to the umbilicus and a longitudinal skin incision was made and carried down to the anterior abdominal wall fascia which was incised in the midline. Two stay sutures of 0 Vicryl placed on either side of the fascial incision. The peritoneum was entered under direct vision with Mayo scissors. A Hassan trocar is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and secured to the
•The specialist Richard should go visit to have an evaluation due to the predicaments he encounters with his colon & rectum is a proctologist generally diagnosing such areas also identifying symptoms occurring in the following organs: colon, rectum, & anus.
IBS is a functional GI disorder, meaning it cannot be explained by any specific structural or biochemical abnormality. The disorder is subdivided into three different types, which are named on the basis of the predominant symptom – IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant), IBS-C (constipation-predominant), IBS-M (mixed diarrhea and constipation). Clinical presentation varies considerably with regard to the quality of the predominant feature and the overall severity of symptoms. Formal diagnosis is based on the most recent Rome III criteria, which require that a patient experience recurrent abdominal discomfort of at least 3 days per month over the previous 3 months, with a total symptom duration of at least 6 months, in...
23 y/o female is post-op day two following a small bowel resection. Her nasogastric (NG) tube is connected to low intermittent wall suction and draining copious amounts of green fluid. Urine output has decreased to 0.3mL/kg/hr despite receiving IV fluids. Labs are as follows:
Ulcerative colitis progresses from the rectum and moves proximally. Distal disease refers to inflammation that is limited to the rectum (proctitis) or rectum and sigmoid colon. Here it is referred to as proctosigmioditis. If the disease is more extensive it includes the left side of the colon and can cover the splenic flexure. This occurs in 40% of patients. Extensive colitis occurs up to the hepatic flexure. Pan colitis affects the whole of the colon and this can affect up to 20% of patients. Some patients with pan colitis have involvement of the terminal ileum, this is caused by an incompetent ileocaecal valve.
It's not known exactly what are the causes of the IBS but a different of factors play a major role in the development of the IBS. The walls of both small and large intestines are lined with layers of muscle that relax and contract in an arranged rhythm as the food move from the stomach through the intestinal tract to the rectum. In the case of the IBS, the contractions may be stronger and last longer than normal. On the contrary, with weak intestinal contractions slowing food passage and leading to hard, and dry
Owen, R. R., Physick-Sheard, P. W., Hilbert, B. J., Horney, F. D., and D. G. Butler. 1975. Jejuno- or ileocecal anastomosis performed in seven horses exhibiting colic. Can Vet J. 16(6): 164–169.
In order to understand the pathophysiology of appendicitis, one must first have a general understanding of the anatomy of the appendix. The appendix arises from the cecum, and like the cecum, includes circular and longitudinal muscle layers (Prystowsky, Pugh, & Nagle, 2005). Additionally, the appendix contains many lymph follicles in its submucosa. The appendix lays approximately 2.5 cm below the ileocecal valve and is usually 5 to 10 centimeters in length with an average width of 0.5 to 1 centimeter. Although part of the appendix appears to be continuous with the cecum, the remainder of the appendix is free, which accounts for its va...
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of the intestines that leads to crampy pain, gassiness, Bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Some people with IBS have constipation. Others have diarrhea or frequent loose stools, often with an urgent need to move the bowels and some people experience both. Sometimes the person with IBS has a crampy urge to move the bowels but cannot do so.
In rare cases when a patient does not respond to drug treatment or diet and lifestyle changes, surgery may be necessary. Doctors will remove part or all of the colon in attempt to stop the condition. Surgeries for UC are generally successful but significantly decrease quality of life because the patient has to deal with frequent stools due to the absence of a colon.
Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, which is a small fingered shaped organ attached on to the Colon as an extension, while residing in your lower right abdomen. The appendix is host to the good bacteria that protects your stomach from diseases like diarrhea and other illnesses. Whereby, it releases an adequate amount of good bacteria to fight against the bad bacteria to sustain your body’s good health. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix is blocked, which does not allow the bacteria to leave the appendix. If the appendix is not removed it could burst, resulting in bacteria spreading to become very dangerous as to form an abscess in the abdomen. As a result Peritonitis, inflammation and infection in the abdominal cavity, which could be life threatening could occur. Not to mention if the bacteria gets into the bloodstream,
Inflammatory bowel disease is a life long disease, and it particularly targets the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), which consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach small intestine, large intestine (appendix, cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid), and rectum), and anus. The gastrointestinal tract is very important to the human body; some of its functions include mechanical and chemical digestion of food, the movement of food and waste from mouth to anus, secretion of enzymes and mucus, and the absorption of nutrients. These are some reason why it’s so destructive when this part of the body becomes impaired or even damaged.
At the entrance to the large intestine there is a piece of muscle known as the appendix which has become less useful to humans due to evolution but can lead to issues within the body.
4. Enterostomy: Includes gastrostomy or jejunostomy- here feeding tube is inserted directly into stomach or jejunum either endoscopically or surgically and brought out through the peritoneal cavity. Complications include displacement or infection. It is often preferred in patients requiring nutritional support for more than a month.