Concept Analysis : Pain

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Introduction

Pain is a subjective and objective indicator of a patients comfort level. Maintaining a tolerable pain level is essential to the recovery and overall outcome of patients. As nurses we must assess a patient’s pain level and respond appropriately. Many tools and theories have been developed and are used throughout different healthcare settings that assist nurses and other disciplines in better understanding a patient with pain. This paper will give a comprehensive analysis of the concept: Pain.

Pain

In the intensive care unit (ICU) many patients are mechanically ventilated and although they are mild to moderately sedated with medications, many times pain control is still an issue. Generally speaking, patients with greater positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) have increased pain on the ventilator as opposed to those who are on lower PEEP settings and many of these patients pain levels are not properly managed due to either vague indicators or lack of nursing knowledge. Pain is unique to each individual and thus a complex concept to define, assess, and understand. Assessing the pain level of a patient that is unable to speak and likely sedated can be a difficult task for nurses and thus many tools have been developed in order to help make this assessment easier. Controlling patient’s pain is vital to a speedy recovery and one must remember that just because a patient cannot verbalize pain it does not equal an absence of it.
Pain in many care settings today is considered a fifth vital sign due to its enormous prevalence, however Zalon states that poor relief of pain is well-recorded and has been noted in nursing literature for over 20 years (Zalon, 1995). Florence Nightingale also acknowledged pain and its import...

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...). However the definition of pain encompasses and helps describe these other terms.
Pain
• An individualistic feeling of hurt, discomfort, or suffering to one’s

Works Cited

Campbell R.J. (1996) Psychiatric Dictionary, 7th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York.
Jensen, M. P., & Turk, D. C. (2014). Contributions of Psychology to the Understanding and Treatment of People With Chronic Pain. American Psychologist, 69(2), 105-118. doi:10.1037/a0035641

Lalloo, C., Kumbhare, D., Stinson, J., & Henry, J. (2014). Pain-QuILT: Clinical Feasibility of a Web-Based Visual Pain Assessment Tool in Adults With Chronic Pain. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 16(5), e127. doi:10.2196/jmir.3292

Matsuzaki, K., & Upton, D. (2013). Wound treatment and pain management: a stressful time. International Wound Journal, 10(6), 638-644. doi:10.1111/j.1742-481X.2012.01038.x

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