Rapid composting methods offer possibilities to reduce the procedure length up to three weeks, which makes it ideal regarding the waste management issue. The Berkeley rapid composting method was first introduced by Robert D Rabbae, a plant pathology at the University of California, Berkley. This specific method produces finished compost in 14 to 21 days.
The advantages influenced the team to choose this method as a potential solution to the waste management issue affecting Sadhikhola. Some advantages are:
• The production of high nutrient-rich compost from many organic materials which might be wasted.
• Ready to use compost can be produced in two to three weeks.
• Most plant diseases will be destroyed. However, some heat resistant viruses will not be affected (e.g. the tobacco mosaic virus).
• All insects will be killed during the composting process. If insects lay their eggs in the compost, the heat will destroy them.
• Most weeds and weed seeds are killed. However, some weeds such as oxalis bulbs, seeds of burr clover and some others are not inactivated by the heat.
To maximise efficiency, some essential factors must be met (Giesel, 2007).
Shredding Materials
The particle size of the waste is nutrient-related. This referrers to physical accessibility of nutrients, hence the particle surface area increases the microbial attack. (R.V. & R.N., 2014) However, the increased surface area does not necessarily increase the rate of decomposition. Two factors may be to blame. The permissible minimum particle size constraints any negative effects on the compost process. Aeration is vital for the compost process therefore the minimum permissible size ensures that a consistent porosity of air. Minimum permissible size is depend...
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Vanamali.org,. (2013). Building a Berkeley Compost • Vanamali. Retrieved 21 May 2014, from http://vanamali.org/entre-amigos/building-a-berkeley-compost
WWO (World Weather Online). Gorkha Monthly Climate Average, Nepal. Retrieved from: http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Gorkha-weather-averages/NP.aspx
Table 1 Retrieved from:
Juden, G. (2014). Composting (1st ed.). Retrieved from http://www.google.com.au/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC4QFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.broomecircle.org.au%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F02%2Fhot-composting-info-sheet.pdf&ei=DVd_U_O7F8WikwXNpoGIDg&usg=AFQjCNEm7iwk5C2v5F_bRbvUEf4aeFO-QQ
Even our native plants that all life relies on, could now be at risk. To understand the possible issues we are facing; firstly, we must understand how plants work. Angiosperm is the type of plant most used in agricultural fields. A BBC video explains that angiosperms are the only organism that can capture pure-energy from the sun, and pump it out as energy-giving nectar, protein-enriched pollen and color-coded fruit into the food chain. Also, they, amazingly, can transpire water into our atmosphere, which aids in balancing of our global climate (“The Power of Flowers: How to Grow a Planet”). Also, Jonathan Drori, a speaker on TedTalks, shares the unique relationship that insects and plants have. Angiosperms have slowly adapted, taking thousands of years of DNA evolution, to attract specific insects to do a specific, pollination job in a ultraviolet world. Some of these modifications range in the transformation of temperature which are recorded as high as 115 degree Fahrenheit, colors that are invisible to us containing an encoded landing strips to guide it 's visitor, textures for functionality, smell/odor that lure the needed species, and several behaviors of mimicry that would capture any student 's interest. Plants are bizarre, to say the least. Reproduction and survival are the plants ' sole purpose in life, which is done by genetic adaptation to the environment. (“The Beautiful Tricks of Flowers”). We are only scratching the surface on how angiosperm plants work, and tampering with their genetics would be unwise at this point in
A school of 200 students give or take could create up to 75 lb of compost waste each week,that's over 3,000 pounds a year! By switching over to a compost it would generate life goals and practices that help young adults and kids become great individuals. compost teaches kids about the environment, new ways to reduce landfill waste, and creative fun ways to get rid of your trash at home.
Safe and efficient methods of recycling organic wastes as well as the recycling of water wastes from sewage systems will be implemented.
There’s one big factor that heavily determines how good your compost will be. That is the Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C:N). Plants are made up of great amounts of carbon and generally lesser amounts of nitrogen. A correct proportion of carbon and nitrogen is required for good compost.
As you already know nutrition is a vital and essential part of our life and without it we would suffer and insects are a great, reliable source of healthy nutritions.
The plants are not able to sustain the immense heat wavelengths from the sun, which results in decreasing plants, and if there are fewer plants to consume, then organisms that rely on them for their daily bread suffer the fear of extinction (Environmental Health Perspectives,
Allelopathy is when one plant causes a deleterious effect on another plant through the escape of allelopathic chemicals. Allelopathy can be used for protection from infections of fungal or bacterial organism, and/or can be a form of competition. Moreover, this form of competition could be used for succession or resource management. In this laboratory experiment, wheat (Triticum sp.) seeds were exposed to extracts from four plant species to determine whether or not these species processes inhibitors of growth. The extracts were from goldenrod (Solidago sp.), aspen (Populus tremuloides), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and aster (Aster novae-angliae). The quaking aspen is a deciduous tree native to North America. Aspens have shallow root systems, the ability to survive long term flooding, and formation of clones connected through root systems (USDA Forest Service “Species: Populus tremuloides”). Black cherry are widely distributed throughout the Eastern United States, can grow on wide variety of soils except for very wet and very dry soils, can grow on strongly acidic soils, can consist of multiple seedlings that germinate within the vicinity of the parent tree, are intolerant of shade, are considered intolerable of competition, and regeneration can have interference from certain herbaceous plants through allelopathic chemicals. For instance, Solidago rugosa release chemicals from leaves or roots that inhibit cherry succession. It has been suggested that black cherry may interfere with other tree species regeneration, such as red maple (Marquis “Black Cherry”). New England Asters grow in moist environment and have a wide distribution in North America (Nesom “New England Aster: Symphyotrichum navaeangliae”). Goldenrods ...
Plants are grown under controlled and sterile conditions which reduce the risk of being exposed to pests, pathogens and diseases.
Plants will only begin to grow again if they have been treated well and not poorly. Philosophers believe that induce felt the same about all living things.
Unknown research papers always rely on verifiable quotes. Save the colorful phrases for personal argument. Originally, the only method of controlling weeds was the organic method. However, not long after the birth of the farming industry, it was found that a farmer could produce more food with less effort if he used chemicals to control the dastardly weeds (Ellsworth, Managing 76-78).... ...
What is Vermicomposting Vermicomposting is worm composting, it’s a great way to recycle your carrot peelings, eggshells, coffee grinds, and used paper towels. Red wiggler worms can eat their body weight in food each day. As they eat, the worms create castings that are nutrient-rich organic matter. When castings mix with decomposed organic matter, you wind up with compost full of beneficial microbes and nutrients that, when spread in a garden, help feed, nourish, and protect growing plants. According to a 1998 article in Bio-resource Technology, vermicompost is compared with high-grade horticultural compost "has desirable aesthetics, has reduced levels of contaminants and tends to hold more nutrients over a longer period, without impacting the environment.
Composting process as a means of bioremediating the harmful waste can be assessed in terms of its hygienic aspect since the effect of its quality is indicative of its essentiality and feasibility in the environment. Hygienic relevance of composting is primarily related to the microbes functioning as composters, the dust aerosols in the ambient air of the compost pile, and the type, concentration and state of the waste to be degraded. In terms of its hygienic feature, the compost may pose threat to human health as it generates immune response in living systems possibly triggered by leftover microbes, dust and target compounds to be treated in the compost matter. Although many of the toxins and pathogens are diminished to a great number, the presence of pathogens in the compost might be able to contaminate the food chain as plants get into contact with it. Composting is an acknowledged pathogen reducing technique, but certainly not an eradication system. Also the management of the process and heterogeneous pile conditions in compost may pose particular challenge concerning the biosafety of this process. Composting has been successfully adopted but enough biological research is lacking on the biosecurity of this process. Accordingly regarding the microbial profile of the compost, the experimental studies and characterization of microbes with respect to hygienic relevance by various scientists are discussed and reviewed as under.
Chemical weed control is here to stay but to help it stay longer; we need to change up the kinds of chemicals and application rates that are used today. If we do not alter how we handle pests in agriculture, we may do more harm than periodic good to the environment and the world’s food source. If we did not have some of the developments in the agricultural industry that we did, we would have a much different idea of what weed control is. If we did not have these advances in the agricultural industry, we would be having a much harder time. If we want to change the future of weed control we must look at the history of it to make sure that the same mistakes are not made in the future.
Therefore, many countries in the developed world have adopted recycling policies for disposal Of waste. The benefits of the recycling process include the following. Maintaining the cleanliness of the environment in the first place from the damage of burying and burning the waste or leaving it exposed Reduce the pollution of sea, ocean and river waters from dumping solid waste, threaten marine life, and reduce groundwater pollution from the waste of
Organic waste forms a significant part of municipal solid waste. The best and most natural way of managing organic waste is composting. Composting is the process of turning organic waste into a manure which is used to improve soil quality. The finished compost acts as a natural fertilizer that is environmental friendly as compared to chemical