After the fear of terrorism grew in the United States do to the Al Qaeda 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the US Government found a need for a centralized department that umbrellas all other agencies when it comes to homeland security. The U.S. Government found this umbrella agency with the passage of the Homeland Security Act by Congress in November 2002, the Department of Homeland Security formally came into being as a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department to further coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts. (Homeland Security) With the creation of the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS) the government had a pinpoint location for the collection and gathering of intelligence, control of policies that effect national security, and a no fail mission. The Department of Homeland Security started to engulf other agencies and created many more, a total of 22 agencies now fall under the DHS. The DHS is control of all areas that deal with national security which included but are not limited to coastal and boarder protection, domestic terrorism, international terrorism, protection of the American people, protection of key infrastructure, protection of key resources and respond to natural disasters.
The Department of Homeland Security as an umbrella department has taken in many organizations to complete their primary duties of national security. To complete their mission on boarder protection and movement from international waters the DHS had the U.S. Coast Guard assigned to it. “The Coast Guard has many duties, including the protection of coastal and inland waterways, environmental protection, the interdiction of contraband, and maritime law enforcement.” (White, 2014) Since the Coast Guard ...
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...tack, and will continuously divert any actions that are targeted against Americans on international soils and within our borders.
Works Cited
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Famous Cases & Criminals. Retrieved 05 01, 2014, from The FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/oklahoma-city-bombing
Homeland Security. (n.d.). Creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Retrieved 04 30, 2014, from Offical Website of the Department of Homeland Security: http://www.dhs.gov/creation-department-homeland-security
Kappeler, L. K. (2012). Homeland Security. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). Bureau of Counterterrorism. Retrieved 05 01, 2014, from U.S. Department of State: Diplomacy in Action: http://www.state.gov/j/ct/
White, J. R. (2014). Terrorism and Homeland Security. Belmont: Wadsworth.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Office for State and Local Law Enforcement. n.d. web. 10 November 2013.
After 9/11 there was a great increase in security nationwide. One major example of this is the number of agencies created as a result of 9/11. Among these agencies include the creation of the TSA (Transportation Security Administration), the DHS (The Department of Homeland Security), the ICE (Immigration and Customs Enforcement), and lastly the massive advancement of the US Coast Guard. Every one of the budgets of these agencies has doubled since 9/11. The creation of the transportation and security administrations primary goal is to improve the safety of all American Citizens traveling by plane. The TSA started implementing, new policies and new technological advancements.
Creating and managing agency budgets is a complicated process. How an agency receives and allocates its funds determines how, when, and if the agency will remain viable and how it will achieve its mission. “As a practical matter, therefore, agencies often base their annual budget request on last year’s budget after making incremental categorical changes of previous expenditures” (Stojkovic, Kalinich, & Klofas, 2012, p. 40). Organizations, however, are affected by the political climate around them. The September 11, 2001 attack on America brought a substantive reaction, including military deployment abroad and increased surveillance within the homeland. As a result, the Department of Homeland Security was created to control and coordinate a number of federal law enforcement and
... of the government to meet an evolving terror threat actually ends up masking the far more important government responsibility for overall national preparedness, not just guarding against terrorism. The billions of dollars and staggering amount of effort spent on crafting the mushrooming homeland defense/homeland security enterprise certainly helped plug some existing holes, but the rampant inefficiency continues to be a point of contention today. The overly broad notions of counter-terrorism and homeland defense means “any expense can be justified” as proven by the decade long rise in DHS budgets and numerous instances of wasteful spending. The headfirst plunge into the world of homeland security was a uniquely American undertaking. No other nation possessed the fiscal means to enact such drastic measures on so many levels, and in such a short amount of time.
The Homeland Security Bill which was enacted in 2003 created the Cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which, in a nutshell, was and still is charged with protection of the U.S. or commonly known as the Homeland. There were four division with distinct missions created. However, since its creation major changes in the divisions and mission sets have changed and three of the original divisions were abolished in 2005 - the four original divisions and mission sets are as follows:
As we move steadfast into the twenty-first century we are confronted with more complex and compromising issues affecting the intricately connected global system. New forms of aggression and threat are the faces that greet policy-makers as they spend countless hours configuring ways to counter future attacks such as terrorism or massive drug trafficking within and across national borders. Instead of submitting ourselves to the tyranny of chance, which cruelly deals out futures blighted with catastrophes that can remain vivid in our memories, President George W. Bush has issued a mandate in an attempt to regain control over future acts of aggression such as terrorism in the United State; he issued the Executive Order of Homeland Security as that initial step.
On November 19, 2001, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act was signed into act by the 107th Congress, enacting the Transportation Security Administration, also known as TSA (Pistole). TSA assumed responsibility for hiring, training, and developing security officers to deal with airport security. In March 2003, TSA was transferred from being a part of the Department of Transportation to the Department of Homeland Security which is also known as DHS (Pistole). This transfer was due to the realization that TSA’s mission had the same ideas as the mission of DHS. Department of Homeland Security is a general term, given for all domestic and international activities to protect people and property in the United States from terrorism (Curtis).
The federal government also developed a security framework that would help to protect their country from large scale terrorist attacks. They introduced “Department of Homeland Security in March 2003 which brought together 22 separate agencies and offices into a single, Cabinet-level department”
Prior to education reform taking place, Bush had to address a major tragedy that devastated the country. In response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, the creation of the Department of Homeland Security was implemented to prevent future terrorist situations. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 united 22 other federal organizations to aid in the damage caused by such attacks, as well as making the country stronger to minimize significant damage in the future. Within the department, the duties of agents were divided into four different divisions comprising of border security, emergency preparation, procedures to handle any form of terrorism, and improved knowledge clearinghouse. This reinstated the security for the American people as they
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has come a long way since its creation after the 9/11 terrorist attacks in 2001.There were many difficult hurdles that the DHS had to overcome since its inception. First, there was the ability to effectively bring together 22 separate departments and agencies into one-fold and define their mission. Additional, the waning trust of the public in the government and internal and external political ideology hindered the direction of the DHS, which has delayed its positive success until now.
Homeland defense is primarily a Department of Defense (DOD) activity and is defined as “... the protection of US sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression, or other threats as directed by the President.” Homeland security, regardless of the definition or strategic document, is a combination of law enforcement, disaster, immigration, and terrorism issues. It is primarily the responsibility of civilian agencies at all levels. It is a coordination of efforts at all levels of government. The differences between homeland security and homeland defense, however, are not completely distinct. A international terrorist organization attack on and within the United States would result in a combined homeland security and homeland defense response, such as on 9/11 when civilian agencies were responding to the attacks while the U.S. military established a combat air patrol over New York and Washington, DC. This distinction between homeland security and homeland defense, and the evolution of homeland security as a concept, was reflected in the strategic documents developed and issued following 9/11 (Reese
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has the responsibility of ensuring the safety and security of the United States from disasters and terrorist attacks, it was created after the aftermath of September 11. Its focus has been on federal preparedness to deal with terrorist attacks while having the responsibility of managing other duties, there exists controversy and criticism that include accusations of violating civil liberties (Homeland security, n.d.). Homeland security works with state and local officials making sure they are prepared to handle disasters and acts of terrorism.
After the September 11th attacks, the United States Senate and House of Representatives legislated the Homeland Security Act (HSA). This law was passed on November 25, 2002. The purpose of the Homeland Security Act is to allow federal law enforcement agencies power to prevent any future terrorist attacks in the United States. with the creation of this law, came the establishment of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The Department of Homeland Security mission is to respond to natural disasters, man-made accidents, and terroristic threats and attacks. The DHS became effective on March 1, 2003.
The first area is the Department of Homeland Security’s mission. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in 2002 by the Homeland Security Act. In 2003 the DHS started their operations. The DHS primary responsibilities and objectives includes prevention, protection, and response to issues that threaten national security. There are five core missions that define the DHS: Managing and securing our nation’s borders, strengthening security initiatives to help prevent terrorism, administering and enforcing the nation’s immigration laws, ensuring that the nation can rebound fast and or prevent disasters, and ensuring the internet is secure by instituting safeguards that protect the nation against cyber-attacks. (TWH, 2003)
The DHS has demonstrated great leadership but lacked the necessity to create effective affiliations in communicating and utilizing information, which like seen in 9/11 dramatically affected the outcome and security of the country. “The Department of Homeland Security, has poorly positioned themselves to receive intelligence from the intelligence community agencies because it does not do intelligence collection on its own and hence will have nothing to trade” (DHS, 2016). Since then, DOJ. FBI, DNI, CIA, and other federal agencies like the DHS have increased their channels of intelligence and their means of communication with one another. This has led to an increase of arrests made towards Americans on terrorism related