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Differnt theories in human resource management
Frederick Taylor contributions
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Orthodox theory suggests that the employment relationship is a ‘transaction like any other’, the exchange of labor services for financial reward. Discuss.
The Orthodox theory suggested that the employee employer relationship was as basic as getting the job done and paying the money equivalent to the work that is generated or produced by an employee. This model of employment could work during and before the times of industrial revolution when the capitalist could employ people to get basic work of production done and pay in accordance to the time or work (no. of units of output) produced by the workers. However, as the economy grew thereon and innovation and servicing came into play, the Orthodox theory has been rendered impractical. The very tenet that the theory is based upon, which is getting the labor services in return of money, is flawed. It is because employers and employees would always have contradictory goals; human interpretation (employee versus employer) remains subjective and therefore the goal of getting the service in lieu of money is not always achieved.
Although the beginning point of the employment relationship still remains the remuneration that is deemed fit for the kind of work that an employee produces, it is just the beginning point after all and is certainly not the only thing that an employee would look at before joining the organization. This also makes it clear that the if an organization needs to succeed, the employer - employee relationship will need to succeed and that can only happen when the employer and employee have common goals and are juxtaposed nicely with the organizational vision and objectives at large. This line of thought has brought about a change in the way organizations are structure...
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Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2014). Fundamentals of human resource management (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
The United States is the most developed capitalist economy in the world. The markets within the economy provide profit-motivated companies endless potential in the pursuance of pecuniary accumulation. Throughout the twentieth-century competitive companies have implemented modernized managerial procedures designed to raise profits by reducing unnecessary costs. These cost-saving procedures have had a substantial effect on society and particularly members of the working class. Managers and owners of these competitive and self-motivated companies have consistently worked throughout this century to exploit the most controllable component of the production process: the worker. The worker has been forced by the influence of powerful and affluent business owners to work in conditions hazardous to their well being in addition to preposterously menial compensation. It was the masterful manipulation of society and legislation through strategic objectives that the low-wage workers were coerced into this position of destitute. The strategies of the affluent fragment of society were conceived for the selfish purpose of monetary gain. The campaigns to augment the business position within the capitalist economy were designed to weaken organized labor, reduce corporate costs, gain legislative control and reduce international competition at the expense of the working class. The owners have gained and continue to gain considerable wealth from these strategies. To understand why the owners of the powerful companies operate in such a selfish manner, we must look at particular fundamentals of both capitalism and corporation strategy. Once these rudiments are understood, we ...
The author intended audience are the companies that employed low-wage workers, therefore, the intended audience to modified the payment of each individual that has sacrifice each second of their time. One of the assumptions that the author believes is the fact that companies itself has not acknowledged the efforts of each employ. Barbara assumes that not everyone in our society has even cared about employees feeling or about their lives. Everything we see around us are made by humans who had to sacrifice everything in order for us to basically live in and own it. Ehrenreich considers the target audience as ignorant, unappreciated, and ungrateful for the employees that work for each company within our nation, more likely make up most of the
But the process of getting these employees were satisfying to the managers but cruel to the employees themselves. In order for the managers, of the factories, to get their employees, the managers had to give to the head to the employee's family in what they called a earnest money, in which is an large amount of advanced money for the employee to work at their factories. To prove the loyalty of the employee by the family, the head of the family had to sign a contract saying that they accepted the earnest money and if there were any infringement the employee’s family had to pay more than the amount of the earnest money (Document E). In daily work life of a worker, the workers were roused from their bed at 4:05 A.M and sent to work at 6:15 A.M. during the workday the workers received 15 minutes for breakfast and lunch and a ten minute break during 3 P.M. Containing this life style was sometimes very tiring for the workers but also convenient for the working for it was a very healthy lifestyle for some (Document B). Some benefit of working at a factory were that whenever the workers wanted to be released it had to be in some excuse to be release such as getting married and family reasons. A 24 to 29 percentage of the workers getting release from their jobs were mostly due to illness or family reason and some were just release from their jobs in which is a benefit from working at these factories (Document D). Some other benefits of working in a factory was the experience according to a survey made in Japan in 1982, 90 percent of the women had said that their overall experience at working at a factory was very positive the other 10 percent said it was
Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2010). Human resource management (13th ed.). Mason, OH: Thomas/South-western
Noe, Raymond A., et al. Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010. Print.
Neo-classical economics assumes that workers and employers are perfectly rational and that labor markets function efficient...
In the article entitled Benefits and Business at AFLAC and L.L. Bean, the author Sandra Reed covers a substantial scope of business problems confronted inside organizations, for example, worker advantages and in addition remuneration. Reed additionally discusses various studies that have been researched on this point and how the consequences of these studies have shown how those two difficulties, benefits and compensation, are parts of the most imperative regions of a representative's employment. (Reed, 2009) Another range of discourse inside the article is a territory inside the workforce that has changed radically which is that of representative obligations and roles inside an organization. An issue connected with this change is the way that
This paper discusses Adam Smith's and David Ricardo's view on the labor theory of value. It includes a discussion of the validity of the arguments they present in relation to social and Economic contexts. To the pursuance of this objective, the paper has explored five published articles available both in the internet and as hand copies.
The purpose of this paper is to view Marx's concept of alienation (estranged labour) and
Karl Marx’s article titled Estranged Labor as found in his 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts pays significant attention to the political economic system, which is commonly referred to capitalism. He further delves into nature of the political economy with a keen focus on how it has negatively impacted the worker or laborer. Therefore, the laborer forms the subject of his critical and detailed analysis as tries demonstrates the ill nature of the political economy. To start with Karl Marx portrays how the political economy as presented by its proponents has led to emergence of two distinct classes in society; the class of property owners and on the other hand, the class of property less workers. According to Karl Marx (2004), proponents of the political economy have introduced concepts such as private property and competition indicating without providing any form of analytical explanation but rather just expecting the society to embrace and apply such concepts. In particular, political economists have failed to provide a comprehensive explanation for division that has been established between capital and labor. Estranged Labor clearly depicts Marx’s dissatisfaction as well as disapproval towards the political economy indicating that proponents of such a system want the masses to blindly follow it without any form of intellectual or practical explanation. One area that Karl Marx demonstrates his distaste and disappointment in the article is worker or the laborer and how the worker sinks to not just a commodity but rather a wretched commodity (Marx, 2004). This is critical analysis of Karl Marx concept or phenomenon on the alienation of the worker as predicted in Estranged Labor in several aspects and how these concepts are ...
Reber, A. S.; Allen, R.; Reber, E. S. (2009) Psychological contract, The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology, Penguin, London
payment, and method of hiring. Karl Marx had also written an essay “Wage Labour and Capital” on
...onship between the employer and the employee. Employers who recognize this and proactively use strategies to promote employee involvement and fair employment practices will be likely to reap the organizational rewards of doing so.
In a capitalistic society, the owner exploits his workers by draining them of their self-worth. A worker gets paid only for his sustenance as the product he works on gets sold by the capitalists in the interests of creating a profit. This leads to the worker’s alienation from his surroundings and his work leading to the estrangement from the process of production. The existing social relationship is inherently antagonistic in nature and will give rise to class struggle that will eventually lead to the collapse of capitalism, and the creation of a new