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Essays on Ethical Research
Code of ethics for research
Essays on Ethical Research
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Introduction
Brainstorming new great ideas is always fun especially when its something that interest you and that you have a passion for. Having a special interest will help you to keep focus on your main goal and ultimately gear you towards the goal that you set forth. You always make sure that the information that you receive is useful (Lawler, Jossey-Bass, 1985). Before you can make a goal for this specific area of interest some may say it is wise to set forth some kind of order by making a plan first. Here is where the hard work comes in and where you really want to get into the nitty gritty by conducting a concise form of research. By conducting a form of research it may very well help you to accumulate most of the information you will need to gain the necessary tools to assist you with your final outcome. There are many ways to research a topic, but you always want to find the research that is the most effective for your product and or service.
Formal Research
Formal research is a form of conducting an experiment under controlled conditions in order to discover, demonstrate or test a hypothesis. For example a company may conduct formal research on a specific product that they would like to introduce then research competitors and evaluate how market the same product and how well they have succeeded based on a studied hypothetical assumption (What Is the Theory on a Business Proposal Vs. A Formal Research, by Mary Jane, Demand Media, paragraph).
Formal Research Example 1
In business it is very important to conduct research so that you gain insight on what product that to are selling, the customer whom you are selling to, and the competitors who you would be i...
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...& Oguntebi, J. (2012). Toward learning and knowledge creation: operationalising the Social Learning Cycle. Journal Of General Management, 37(4), 29-53.
• Lesley Spencer Pyle Entrepreneur; Market Research – The Basics; September 2010
• Mary Jane , What Is the Theory on a Business Proposal Vs. A Formal Research, Demand Media, 2008.
• McDaniel, S. W., & Parasuraman, A. A. (1985). Small Business Experience With and Attitudes Toward Formal Marketing Research. American Journal Of Small Business, 9(4), 1-6.
• M. Ronald Buckley, Gerald R. Ferris, H. John Bernarain, Micheal G. Harvey, The Disconnect between Science and Practice of Management; Business Horizons, 1998, pg 31-38.
• Pervaiz K. Ahmed, Mohammed Rafiq, Norizan M. Saad, (2003) "Internal marketing and the mediating role of organisational competencies", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37 Iss: 9, pp.1221 - 1241
Sachs, A. (2010). Management, Plain and Simple. Time, 175(15), Global 4. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter. M. (2014). Management (12th ed.). Retrieved from: Colorado Technical University eBook Collection database.
Aaker, D. A., Kumar, V., & Day, G. S. (2007). Marketing Research (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
By the constantly changing dynamics of the 21st century business world, it is clear that it would be highly unproductive for managers to employ what is in actual fact a restrictive, controlling theory of management. As a results of globalisation of the economy, intensification of international competition, pervasive influence of the social market economy, increasing participation of women in the labour force and ecological consciousness, scientific management is no longer suitable in modern workplaces, as this theory tends not to allow for the constant innovation that is necessary to maintain a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
Wrege, C. D. and R. G. Greenwood (1991). Frederick W. Taylor, the father of scientific management: myth and reality: Irwin Professional Pub.
Research involves inductive and deductive methods (Babbie, 1998). Inductive methods analyse the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed; deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations (Ary, D 2010)
Marketing is a very broad term, which encompasses all the activities that help businesses in identifying their customers and needs of their target market, utilising all the communication resources in order to target their target market, eventually persuading them to purchase the organisations products and services. It is much broader than the concept of selling, as selling just includes techniques of direct communication used to persuade the customers to buy the products and services of an organisation. In fact, sales are the integral part of marketing. Marketing also helps organisations to utilise all resources in an efficient way to gain customer satisfaction, which will eventually help in the growth of the company. While, on one hand, marketers tend to focus on the needs and preferences of the customers, they also need to keep a close eye on their competitors (Gillespie, 2010). Companies always look to beat down their competition with providing better products and/or services, or by providing less-expensive goods to the customers than their competitors, in order to achieve or maintain the leading position in the industry. The core focus of this paper is to identify and discuss the core aspects how managers could maintain the marketing activities of the organisation in the global context.
Polaris Marketing Research (2008). Marketing Research Process: An Overview. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from http://www.polarismr.com/edctr_overview.html
Robbins, S.P., & Coulter, M. (2009). Management (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
The Marriott Company is a successful lodging and hospitality company. It is a company that is internationally recognized and has nearly 3,700 properties, 18 brands in 72 countries and territories worldwide (Marriott, 2012). With such success and worldwide prominence, it is no mistake that it operates with a winning formula that includes market research. "Our relentless focus on innovation and action fuel the way we do business" (Marriott, 2012). Organizations, like Marriott, not only have to compete in a rapidly changing technological environment and a highly diverse global environment, it must consider the importance and role that marketing research plays. Operating in such a competitive industry, the Marriott Company has realized that to be successful and survive for the long term, it incorporates market research in its business practices. This paper will define market research; identify the types, and the importance of marketing research that the Marriott Company uses.
Malhotra, N.K., 2002. Basic Marketing Research: A Decision-Making Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.: Prentice Hall.
The concept of scientific management is based on the idea that work could be studied to increase efficiency, and specialization. Economist Adam Smith changed the way the world looked at the economy and organization. In his essay, “Of the Division of Labour,” Smith emphasizes the importance of specialization, and how division of labor leads to specialization. He states that this would allow a worker to be more productive and efficient (Shafritz, Ott, & Jang, 2011, p. 41-45). Frederick Taylor introduced the principles of scientific management, which stated that management is a science, workers should be scientifically selected and trained scientifically, and both management and workers should work together.
Briefly it is a systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing the company, allows management to make the changes necessary for better results through adopting a proactive approach. Therefore, if a company wants to know what type of products or services would be profitable it should make a market research. Furthermore, a comprehensive research will enable the company to know about the product imperfections (if there are) and to know if it has been able to satisfy customers’ needs. It attempts to provide accurate information that reflects a true state of affairs. Due to market research the company can formulate a viable marketing plan and estimate the success of its existing plan. There are two main sources of marketing research information:
the study of time and action; b) the management on assignment; c) the theory of organization. (8)Taylor’s theory created a revolution in the subject of management because it was the first scientific method in field of management science. (1)After that, management became a truly scientific knowledge and it expanded and modified by later generations. Therefore, Taylor is “known as the father of scientific management”. (2) Taylor put forward a perspective which was “study the character, the nature and the performance of each workman” and moreover, to “train and help and teach this workman”. (3) In the following paragraphs, will exploring the relevant and irrelevant hypotaxis between Scientific Management and organizations.
On the other hand, weaknesses existed. The primary research was the most difficult and frustrating sector, for it was difficult to keep in touch with the potential competitors; hence, a chance to learn more and analyse deeper from the potential competitors was missed. To conclude, the result and analysis of primary and market research which was based on the questionnaire was not convincing enough, and it was the main sector which needed to improve in the future.