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The Role of Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture
Analysis of an organization's culture
Analysis of an organization's culture
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Organization and management would have a strong influential by organizational culture which is emerging from its nature and content (Janićijević, N 2012). Organizational culture is known as a crucial influential factor in evaluating organizations in various contexts and aspects. According to Robbins and Judge, organizational culture is a set of norms, values, attitudes and belief, which the members of an organization have built and adopted through mutual experience and which help them to determine how the things done and the way of members are supposed to behave (Robbins & Judge, 2011, pg 555). Understanding culture is the fundamental to the description and analysis of organizational phenomena (Tharp, 2009). Everyone in the organizations must understand the organization as well as a suitable ways of managing, functioning and changing. Every organization have their own uniqueness of the culture, different structure, operating strategy, organizational learning, leadership style, rewarding system, and motivation which emerges clearly from the way in which management and employees understand organizational operations and behave in it (Wilderom, Glunk & Maslowski, 2000). In the other words, different types of organizational culture imply different strategies, structure models, compensation system, leadership styles and etc. Organizational culture includes organizational qualities that give it a particular feel, climate or environment to the employees. As a result the distinct qualities of an organization may clear show through four dimensions that namely power, role, task and person culture (Handy, 1995) ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE MODEL Handy (1995) classifies organizational culture into power culture, role culture, task culture a... ... middle of paper ... ...practice and performance. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 10 (3), pp. 21—40, viewed on 6 November 2013 15. Knights, D. and Willmott, H. 2012. Introducing Organizational Behaviour and Management, South-Western Cengage Learning, P. 345-352. 16. Royle,T. 1995. Corporate versus societal culture: a comparative study of McDonald’s in Europe. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 7(2/3), pp. 52-56, viewed on 6 November 2013. 17. Robbins, Stephen P. and Judge, Timothy A., 2011. Organizational Behavior, 14 Edition, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Pearson, pp555. 18. Tharp, B. 2009. Defining" culture" and" organizational culture: From anthropology to the office. Interpretation a Journal of Bible and Theology, Harworth. 19. Sun, S. 2008. Organizational culture and its themes. International Journal of Business and Management, 3 (12), p. 137.
J. M. George and G. R. Jones, “Organizational Behavior,” 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001)
Langton, Nancy, Stephen Robbins, and Timothy Judge.Organizational Behaviour: Concepts, Controversies, Applications. Fifth Canadian Edition. Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2009. 141, 574-84. Print.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organizational Behavior (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States of America: Pearson Prentise Hall.
Kreitner, R., & Kinicki, A., (2004). Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill/Irwin. pp. 406- 441.
Kinicki, A., & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills and best practices (customized 4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Culture can be defined as “A pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid, and therefore to be taught to the new members as the correct way to perceive, think and feel in relation to those problems”. Schein (1988). Organizational culture can be defined as a system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. It includes routine behaviors, norms, dominant values, and feelings or climates. The purpose and function of this culture is to help foster internal integration, bring staff members from all levels of the organization closer together, and enhance their performance.
McShane, S.L., Olekalns, M. & Travaglione, A. 2013, Organizational Behavior: Emerging Knowledge, Global Insights 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, Sydney.
Ivancevich, J., Konopaske, R. & Matteson, M. (2011). Organizational Behavior and Management. NewYork, NY: McGraw Hill.
Every organization has its own culture that plays an important role in shaping the behavior of the organization and its employees. One definition of organizational culture states it is “the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization” including “the organization’s expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together” (Organizational Culture, 2015). Basically, organizational culture is the combination of a company’s “attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid” (Organizational Culture, 2015).
The concept of organizational cultures was first raised in 1970s, and soon became a fashionable topic. Organizational culture is the shared beliefs, values and behaviours of the group. Theorists of organizations believe that organizational culture represents the pattern of behaviours, values, and beliefs of an organization. Hence, studies around organizational culture have been seen as great helpful and essential for understanding organizations and their behaviours. Additionally, organizational culture has been considered to be an important determinant of organizational success. Therefore, leaders and managers pay more than more attentions on this topic, focusing on constructing and managing organizational cultures.
Ivancevich, John, Knopaske, Robert, Matteson, Michael, Organizational Behaviour and Management (10 edition (January 30, 2013). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin
The concept of organizational culture is one of the most debated topics for researchers and theorists. There is no one accepted definition of culture. People even said that it is hard to define culture and even more change it. It is considered a complex part of an organization although many have believed that culture influences employee behavior and organizational effectiveness (Kilmann, Saxton, & Serpa 1985; Marcoulides & Heck, 1993; Schein, 1985a, 1990).
It is a “pattern of beliefs, values and learned ways of coping with experience” (Brown 1994) that manifests itself into three layers: artefacts at the shallowest, values and beliefs in the middle and basic assumptions at the deepest. It is inseparable from the organisation that cannot be easily manipulated as it is fundamentally non-unitary and emergent. Finally, organisational culture is important as it is one of the main determinants as to whether a firm can enjoy superior financial and a comparative advantage over firms of differing cultures.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2011). Organizational behavior (14 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Organisational culture is one of the most valuable assets of an organization. Many studies states that the culture is one of the key elements that benefits the performance and affects the success of the company (Kerr & Slocum 2005). This can be measured by income of the company, and market share. Also, an appropriate culture within the society can bring advantages to the company which helps to perform with the de...