The idea of the possibility of cloning has long interested scientists from all over the world. The ability to create another life without the need to reproduce, simply a petri dish and some cells, is something that has been attempted to be done for decades. There are endless possibilities of the uses that cloning could bring, and it excites many and equally terrifies others. In was in 1997 when there was a big breakthrough of cloning occurred: the “birth” of Dolly the ewe. Dolly was cloned from an adult sheep in Scotland. Dolly was the beginning of the experimentation of cloning full mammals. We now clone many mice and claves all cloned from adult cells that still now fascinate many scientists. However, the idea of cloning and cloning has been done before; however, now that a full mammal that was cloned from an adult cell was successful, it triggered the idea of possibly cloning a full human. There were many experiments done with the idea of cloning and the questioning of the replication process when cells divide; experiments were done as early as 1888. They began with the experimentation on a two-cell amphibian embryo and discovered certain genes that were lost during the replication of the cell. From there the experimentations grew more and more sophisticated and these early nuclear cloning experiments confirmed that “the complete genome is replicated during cell division, at least during early cleavage” (McKinnell, 1999). These experiments were the bases of modern cloning experiments to study the genomic ability of the adult embryonic cells. The studies and experimentation of cloning is being done all over the world: the U.S, England, France, China, and Japan are all in the field of cloning and the possibilities that it ca... ... middle of paper ... ...the use of xenotransplantation cloning will continue to be a field of endless possibilities and possible benefits for the medical world. Works Cited McKinnell, Robert G., and Marie A. Di Berardino. "The Biology of Cloning: History and Rationale."BioScience 49.11 (1999): 875-83. Print Bremier, Michael E. "Xenotransplant News." Transplalnt News (2008): 353-55. 2008. Web. 13 Mar. 2011 Kubota, X. C., and X. Yang. "Cloning of Aged Animals: A Medical Model for Tissue and Organ Regeneration." TMC 11.8 (2001): 313-17. ScienceDirect. Web. 13 Mar. 2011. Hilmert, Laura J. "Cloning Human Organs: Potential Sources and Property Implications." Indiana Law Journal (2001). Web. 13 Mar. 2011 Koh, Chester J., and Anthony Atala. "Therapeutic Cloning Applications for Organ Transplantation."Transplant Immunology 12 (2004). ScienceDirect. Web. 13 Mar. 2011
In addition to its medicinal benefits, animal cloning could be used to produce tissues or organs for transplants (15). This can be done by culturing "embryonic stem cells," or "primitive cells that appear between ...
Physicians today are faced with a growing list of patients awaiting transplants for organs that have failed, but there are not enough donors to meet these needs. Countries all over the world have a “human organ shortage” and the waiting lists for organ transplants only seem to grow longer (Melo 427). In the United States 62,000 patients needed a kidney, liver, or pancreatic transplant in the year 2001. Xenotransplantation, which refers to the transplantation of organs, cells, or tissues from animal species into human beings, has been heralded as a promising technology that will help us save more lives and lessen the dire shortage of transplantable organs.
In this paper, "cloning" refers to a process begun when an enucleated oocyte receives a complete set of genetic material from one adult of the same species, and then develops. The resultant cloned embryo is genetically identical to the adult supplying the DNA. Thus, cloning differs from sexual reproduction, in which half the genetic material of the fertilized egg is supplied from the oocyte itself and half from the sperm. It is also different from "twinning," in which an egg, once fertilized sexually, splits into two genetically identical zygotes, each of which may develop into an embryo. In February 1997, Dr. Ian Wilmut announced the birth of Dolly, the cloned offspring of an ewe. If it is possible to clone sheep, why not then humans?
Stephens, Patrick. ?Human Cloning is Good for All of Us,? The Objectivist Center. April 3, 2001.
Cloning has become a major issue in our modern world, from moral, ethical, and religious concerns, to the problem of financial and government support. Human cloning is one of the most controversial topics, and because of this, many of the new important discoveries and beneficial technologies have been overlooked and ignored. Reproductive cloning technology may offer many new possibilities, including hope for endangered species, resources for human organ transplants, and answers to questions concerning cancer, inherited diseases, and aging. The research that led up to the ability to clone mammals started more than a century ago. From frogs to mice to sheep to humans, reproductive cloning promises many possibilities.
Hyde, Margaret O., and John Setaro. "Facts And Fantasies About Human Cloning." Medicine's Brave New World. 76. Lerner Publishing Group, 2001. Health Source - Consumer Edition. Web. 4 Nov. 2011.
The notion of cloning organisms has always been troublesome because of unpredictable consequences. “Cloning represents a very clear, powerful, and immediate example in which we are in danger of turning procreation into manufacture” (Clinton 43).... ... middle of paper ... ...
With ongoing studies and experiments, cloning is beginning to be thought of as the next large medical advancement. Scientists believe that cloning is the future cure for all the world’s ailments. The average person carries eight defective genes which contribute to health problems. Cloning will be able to prevent and cure many of the major diseases that are a leading cause in death each year. However, many people have negative attitudes towards cloning because they believe that scientists will clone full humans and harvest the necessary bodily organs and tissues when needed. But, what most people are unaware of is that scientists are able to clone specific organs, tissues, nerves, bones and cells.
"XENOTRANSPLANTATION: The Benefits and Risks of Special Orga Transplantation." BIO. Biotechnology Industry Organization, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013.
"Human Cloning and Human Dignity: An Ethical Inquiry." The President's Council on Bioethics Washington, D.C. N.p., July-Aug. 2002. Web.
The term clone is commonly denoted as a genetically identical organism. In today’s world, cloning is thought to only happen to humans in films or shows, but in the real world, the cloning of animals is something that exists today. Animal Cloning became a relative topic among scientists after the success of the first cloned large mammal, Dolly the sheep, using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. The success of cloning a large mammal opened up various possibilities that could come from this. The cloning of animals would be beneficial to both animals and humankind because it would have numerous valuable applications that could be used today and in the future.
“Because the stem cells created by human therapeutic cloning are derived from the patients themselves, there can be no problem with immunological rejection, as happens with donor transplants” (Aldridge, 12). Susan Aldridge also wrote in her article about how this would end the ever growing demand versus supply of needed organs for transplants. This wouldn’t be the only problem it solves though. It could also cure diseases such as diabetes and alzheimer's, not temporarily, but completely, to name a few. It would also make large changes to the medical science
Cloning is the process of replicating organism’s genes into one or many identical copies of itself. For hundreds of years, genetic scientists have been studying and experimenting with this idea. Cloning is still a new procedure and has a lot of controversies. Some scientists prophesize that cloning will make the world a better place due to the many applications of cloning that would benefit the world. Other scientists are concerned about the long-term effects it may have to spark the question, “is it worth it”. Cloning has been successful in many cases for animals and plants but the idea of cloning humans is something still farfetched for modern technology. In this report I will be covering how cloning started, the process in which
Cloning is another new medical advance that allows for many great possibilites. Exact organ matches for organ transplants could be made through cloning. Animal...
Human cloning is a new biological technology developed at an astonishing rate in past thirty years. The debates about human cloning draw much attention, as its development will affect the entire future of human beings. Cloning technology is just on the starting stage and still has done experiments on animals. Also, this technology has been pushed forward or held back by economic, political, military and moral factors. Human cloning in this essay only represents therapeutic cloning and children reproductive cloning. To be specific, this essay will discuss two benefits of human cloning about therapeutic cloning in disease cure and reproductive cloning in creating new children and two challenges about health risk and social value risk.