INTRODUCTION:
Oral route is the most important route for drug therapy (Roger E). Water insoluble drugs exhibits poor oral bioavailability, hence much more attention has been focus on the lipid based formulation. Lipids are the carriers for the delivery of drugs which has poor water solubility (Pouton CW). Various lipid based formulations like SEDDS, SMEDDS are used for enhancing the absorption as well as bioavailability of the poorly water soluble drugs (Yi T et al). The lipid vehicles that play an important role in the design and can lead to the success of drug delivery, which can control the absorption rate of drug. When assessing lipids as vehicles, their digestibility has also to be considered.
SMEDDS exhibit good thermodynamically stable preparations and has optical transparency, this formulation is simple and it is the mixture of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, co-solvents, these lipid based excipients are commonly known as permeability enhancers (Schwendener RA). For design of SEDDS/SMEDDS, these require multiple excipients, to assess the relative solubility and affinity of the drug for each component. These excipients have the ability of forming fine oil in water microemulsion. The droplet size of the emulsion present in the intestine and the type of surfactants, metabolic pathway of lipids, changes in gastric motility are due to the presence of lipids. These excipients can inhibit both presystemic metabolism and intestinal efflux mediated by P-gp resulting in an increasing the oral absorption of cytotoxic drugs (Dintaman JM) (Chervinsky DS).
FACTORS WHICH ARE TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE DESIGN OF LIPID BASED FORMULATION:
• Capacity of the solvent
• Properties of lipid excipients
• Lipophilicity of surfactants
• Ex...
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...nt, BHT, and so by the addition of these excipients, soft gelatin formulation shows improved bioavailability.
Bexarotene is a benzoic acid derivative and is a selective activator of retinoid X receptor indicated for the treatment of T-cell lymphoma. It is formulated as soft gelatin capsule formulation i.e.,Targetin®. Free acid form of bexarotene shows solubilization in a mixture of polysorbate20 and PEG 400 in combination with povidone and BHA as an antioxidant in 75mg Targetin® soft gelatin capsules.
Lopinavir and Ritonavir together were formulated as Kaletra® tablets and kaletra oral solution, Span 20 is the lipid component present in this formulation. Fixed dose combination of the product contains 80mg/ml of lopinavir and 20mg/ml of ritonavir which is solubilzed in propylene glycol, 42% ethanol, water, glycerin, and surfactant cremophor RH 40, and peppermint oil.
Lexapro is obtainable as tablets or an oral solution, the most frequent use is the tablet. The identification of Lexapro tab...
Ace Inhibitors are used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF). Most of the drugs that are Ace Inhibitors have the common ending –pril. It inhibits an enzyme; that decreases the tension of blood vessels and the blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure. Lotensin (benzapril) comes in tablets and is used for oral administration. It is one of the ace inhibitors that are indicated for treating hypertension. There is warning while using Lotensin when pregnant, it indicates to stop using immediately when pregnancy is detected. Vasotec (enalpril) comes in tablets and injection. It is indicated for the treatment of hypertension and is effective alone or in combination with other Ace Inhibitors agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. There is a warning for fetal toxicity; when pregnancy is detected; stop using.
...s the change in the temperature of both of these batches, 6°C for the pure, and 13°C for the crude. In this final sub-section of the Characterization of Aspirin, the values of absorbance were recorded. Initially, 0.0566 grams and 0.0590 grams of pure and crude Aspirin respectively were obtained and each individually placed into beakers (400 milliliter) and had 250.0 milliliters of distilled water added to them. From each beaker, a tiny amount of the just dissolved solutions was transferred to a cuvette, one cuvette for each type of aspirin. Each cuvette was placed into the ultraviolent spectroscopy mechanism which was connected to a computer and absorbance spectrum values were obtained at 298 nm (Figure 5) (0.1987 pure aspirin, and 0.9549 crude aspirin).
Firstly, an amount of 40.90 g of NaCl was weighed using electronic balance (Adventurer™, Ohaus) and later was placed in a 500 ml beaker. Then, 6.05 g of Tris base, followed by 10.00 g of CTAB and 3.70 g of EDTA were added into the beaker. After that, 400 ml of sterilized distilled water, sdH2O was poured into the beaker to dissolve the substances. Then, the solution was stirred using the magnetic stirrer until the solution become crystal clear for about 3 hours on a hotplate stirrer (Lab Tech® LMS-1003). After the solution become clear, it was cool down to room temperature. Later, the solution was poured into 500 ml sterilized bottle. The bottle then was fully wrapped with aluminium foil to avoid from light. Next, 1 mL of 2-mercaptoethanol-β-mercapto was added into fully covered bottle. Lastly, the volume of the solution in the bottle was added with sdH2O until it reaches 500 ml. The bottle was labelled accordingly and was stored on chemical working bench.
...umed without a high fatty meal. Manufactures are able to convert the concentrated EE form back to in a healthy Omega 3 – TG state, to ensure a higher absorbability rate. Unfortunately, a large percentage of manufactures do not do so because this process is expensive, and this is the exact reason why 95% of fish oil tablets on the market are sold in EE form.
The molecular formula is C23H27FN4O2, with a molecular weight of 410.49 (Ereshefsky & Mascarena, 2003). Route of administration is oral. Once the drug passes the esophagus and stomach, it makes its way into the small intestines. There are beds of capillaries within the intestine walls.
Discuss the possible drug and excipient-related constrains of the formulation (no identity of the drug was given to you at this
Is an important extract that contain the glucose were the body is in needed to form energy.
The ability to become reflective in practice has become a necessary skill for health professionals. This is to ensure that health professionals are continuing with their daily learning and improving their practice. Reflective practice plays a big part in healthcare today and is becoming increasingly noticed.
Leonard G.S., Tovey G.D., Lee R.M., (1979) The Pharmaceutical Development and Bioavailability of Cimetidine Capsule and Tablet Formulations, DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY, 5 ( 2 ) , pp 217-226.
Its many contains disulphide bonds, which make it an extremely stable protein. References Website’s used :. www.Intelihealth.com - www. Inteli www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/lectures/nutrition. www.healthy.net/library/books/haas/funct.htm.
·Aspirin (salicylic acid acetate) is an anti-inflammatory (decreases swelling and inflammation), anti-pyretic (fever reducing), and anti-platelet (decreases platelets in the body to thin blood). Many heart treatment patients take an aspirin a day to prevent blood clotting. However, if aspirin is taken in large quantities over long periods of time, it may cause gastric ulcers or other internal damage. The molecular formula of aspirin is C9H8O4. Some examples of Aspirin are Bayer, Ecotrin, and Aspergum.
Enhanced Nutrient Delivery: Nano-encapsulating improves the solubility of antioxidants, vitamins, healthy omega oils and other neutraceuticals
These vitamins are fat soluble, which means they can only be absorbed with the help of fat.