Many Greek playwrights use the self-realizations of their characters to accentuate the themes of their tragedies. Sophocles, for one, uses the character change of Oedipus, simultaneously with the plot, to underline the theme of his famous work, Oedipus the King. As Oedipus grows in alarming self-knowledge, he shifts from a prideful, heroic king at the inception of the play, to a tyrannical man in denial toward the middle, to an apprehensive, doomed man, humbled by his tragic fate by the end.
At first, Oedipus seems to be a self-assured, courageous hero. This is particularly true during the situation referred to at the beginning of the drama, when he answers the Sphinx's riddle. Although Oedipus is not a native Thebans, he still elects to answer the riddle of the Sphinx in spite of the peril of death to anyone who fails to answer suitably. Only a man like Oedipus, a man having incredible self-confidence, could display such bravery. When Oedipus succeeds, releasing the city from the Sphinx's evil rule, he becomes instantly renowned and recognized for his courageousness and intellect. A temple priest shows the esteem the Thebans have for their sovereign when he tells Oedipus, "You freed us from the Sphinx, you came to Thebes and cut us loose from the bloody tribute we had paid that harsh, brutal singer. We taught you nothing, no skill, no extra knowledge, still you triumphed" (44-47). Here, Oedipus' daring deeds seem to be a blessing, a gift from the gods to benefit the city. Certainly Oedipus is revered by the Thebans, yet at times he appears to hate the gods, assuming power that normally belongs to them. One sample is he arrogantly tells the Chorus, which beseeches the gods for liberation from the city plague, "You pra...
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... as growingly independent of the gods. They examined whether their lives were results of fate or free will. Though Jocasta originally considers that fate, oracles and prophecies, means nothing, she later adjusts her ideas when she grasps that her divine prophecy has come true. Oedipus, the embodiment of human intelligence, also contests the gods; yet by the play's close it is clear that the gods have prevailed. In this way, Sophocles stresses that the gods are greater than man, that there's a boundary to human aptitude and reason.
Lastly, Oedipus the King attends to enlighten us on the causes of human suffering. Though Oedipus' fate is decided, the reader still feels compassion for the tragic hero, trusting that somehow he doesn't merit what eventually befalls him. Here, Sophocles accredits, at least somewhat, human suffering to the simple will of the gods.
Insuring the portrayal of his theme, Sophocles targets the tension of his tragic play, Oedipus Rex, through the growth of the main character, Oedipus, rather than the mystery. Utilizing literary devices such as dramatic irony, soliloquies, and foreshadowing, Sophocles reveals to the audience the conclusion to the mystery of Oedipus before the hero has solved it himself; forcing the audience’s attention towards character growth of the hero, over the actual development of the mystery.
It is true that in all great literature. Clues which later seem obvious are often undetected until the story’s plot is resolved. The reader is unaware of the foreshadowing until the plot comes together. Ambrose Bierces " An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and " A Horseman In The Sky" identify literary elements supporting this thought.
People can easily recognize that a butterfly, a horse, or a tree are alive and that a
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, written by Ambrose Bierce in 1890-1891, depicts an antiwar motif of the American Civil War. Bierce uses dramatic irony, descriptive imagery and the theme of time. The war was fought from 1861 to 1865 after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as the “Confederacy” or the “South.” The remaining states were known as the “Union” or the “North.” The war’s origin was the issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories of the United States. After four years of bloody combat, over 600,000 soldiers were dead and much of the South’s infrastructure had been destroyed. The Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished with the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, and reconstruction process of national unity and guaranteed rights to freed slaves began.
Ambrose Bierce weaves a tale of intrigue and captivation, by using shifts of voice and time in the story “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge�. In the first four paragraphs, Bierce begins the story using third person, and in this point of view, he creates reality. We can view the situation and all aspects while it is written in third person; we know precisely what is going on, we know it is real. Near the end of the fourth paragraph, the author shifts cleverly from third person to limited omniscient. After having us view the story in third person, Bierce transfers from reality, to the main characters' thought processes, having us view Peyton's thoughts and dreams also as reality. "He looked a moment at his "unsteadfast footing," then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream racing madly beneath his feet." (P.67) it is here where Bierce shifts and starts to mislead us, by using Peyton Farquhar's thought processes as a filter. It is a clever shift, because in this moment, we are getting closer to the time of Farquhar's death, and we have previously read reality.
“An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”, to me was about a man swindled into being killed. Before you die, your whole life flashes before your eyes. But for this man, it was not his life, but what could’ve happened instead of him dying being played out in his mind. Peyton Farquhar was a slave owner from Alabama that highly supported the south.
Sophocles’ use of symbolism and irony is shown in Oedipus Tyrannus through his use of the notion of seeing and blindness. This common motif is extended throughout the play and takes on a great significance in the development of the plot. In an effort to escape his god given prophecy, Oedipus tragically falls into the depths of unthinkable crimes as a result of the mental blindness of his character; thus never escaping his lot.
Out of all the stories I have read in class so far, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce, has touched me most. When I first began reading the story I felt as though I was not interested, because my assumptions of what the story was going to be about were completely different than the stories actual content. As I set aside my judgment and let myself try to enjoy the story, I found myself anxiously reading to the bitter end. This story was not only interesting and unique, but also had an added twist at the end, which surprised most readers. Depending on how observant the reader is with picking up on foreshadowing and symbolic meaning, one may realize before the final sentences that Peyton Farquar was not actually escaping home but in fact hallucinating while desperately trying to escape the hangmen.
"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" is written by the author Ambrosa Bierce. This story takes place during the civil war. A man by the name of Peyton Farquar is arrested under the suspicion of trying to destroy Owl Creek Bridge and sentenced to death by hanging. To keep the readers interested Bierce goes into the mind of Peyton himself. When Peyton starts to walk towards the plank and to his certain death something crazy happens and he escapes. In the last paragraph of the story Bierce spoils the happy ending and tells the readers that he is merely dreaming and then he is hanged. "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" keeps suspense by the use of Peyton's senses, flashbacks, and the setting.
As protagonist, Oedipus is at the center of the story. The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). Werner Jaeger in “Sophocles’ Mastery of Character Development” pays the dramatist Sophocles the very highest compliment with regard to character development:
With this in mind, many believe that King Oedipus in Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, is the perfect example of Aristotle’s tragic hero. Does he, however, truly fulfill all the “requirements” described in Poetics or is there something we miss in the depths of his fascinating and multi-faceted character that does not fit into Aristotle’s template? Without a doubt, Oe...
The great Sophoclean play, Oedipus Rex is an amazing play, and one of the first of its time to accurately portray the common tragic hero. Written in the time of ancient Greece, Sophocles perfected the use of character flaws in Greek drama with Oedipus Rex. Using Oedipus as his tragic hero, Sophocles’ plays forced the audience to experience a catharsis of emotions. Sophocles showed the play-watchers Oedipus’s life in the beginning as a “privileged, exalted [person] who [earned his] high repute and status by…intelligence.” Then, the great playwright reached in and violently pulled out the audience’s most sorrowful emotions, pity and fear, in showing Oedipus’s “crushing fall” from greatness.
In the play Oedipus the King, Sophocles affirms that the gods ultimately have the final say to control one’s destiny; however, an individual is solely responsible for the decisions he makes. Approaching near the climax, Sophocles sets up a fundamental conflict of the play, the need for Oedipus and Jocasta to perceive the immutable state of prophecy through the consequences that deliver itself when the gods fulfill their plans for one’s destiny. The messenger even describes the omnipotent power of the gods, and witnesses the augury of death proposed by the supernatural, finally stating:
Sophocles’ Oedipus is the tragedy of tragedies. An honorable king is deceived and manipulated by the gods to the point of his ruination. In the face of ugly consequences Oedipus pursues the truth for the good of his city, finally exiling himself to restore order. Sophocles establishes emotional attachment between the king and the audience, holding them in captivated sympathy as Oedipus draws near his catastrophic discovery. Oedipus draws the audience into a world between a rock and a hard place, where sacrifice must be made for the greater good.
Oedipus the King by Sophocles has the ingredients necessary for a good Aristotelian tragedy. The play has the essential parts that form the plot, consisting of the peripeteia, anagnorisis and a catastrophe; which are all necessary for a good tragedy according to the Aristotelian notion. Oedipus is the perfect tragic protagonist, for his happiness changes to misery due to hamartia (an error). Oedipus also evokes both pity and fear in its audience, causing the audience to experience catharsis or a purging of emotion, which is the true test for any tragedy according to Aristotle.