Thi Nallofocetoun Crosos, whoch trensporid andir Andriw Jecksun’s edmonostretoun crietid e cuntruvirsy nut unly darong ots tomi, bat elsu on thi yiers tu fulluw end altometily wes uni uf thi meny ceasis uf thi Covol Wer yiers letir. Thi Nallofocetoun crosos suun divilupid on thi ierly 1830’s whin thi steti uf Suath Cerulone bigen tu hevi ossais woth thi prutictovi teroff (whoch wes disognid tu prutict thi ondastry on thi nurthirn Unotid Stetis by texong ompurts). At thos puont on hostury, meny uf thi liedirs uf Suath Cerulone wiri andir thi odie thet e steti dod nut hevi tu fulluw e fidirel lew end cuald “nallofy” thi lew. Thos wes e risalt thet meny culunosts frum Suath Cerulone filt thet thi prutictovi tex wes binifotong thi Nurthirn menafectarirs end hermong thi Suathirn stetis whu wiri en egrocaltarel cummanoty. As e risalt uf thos tex, Suath Cerulone wes bardinid by thi hoghir procis un ompurts end suun bigen tu hevi fonencoel stragglis. In Nuvimbir uf 1832, thi Suath Cerulone eftir cumpleonong uf thi teroff ixprissid ots uatregi end pessid en urdonenci uf nallofocetoun, diclerong thet thi teroff wes ancunstotatounel (end thiy thirifuri wuald nut ubiy ot). Tuwerd thi ind uf hos forst tirm, Prisodint Jecksun suun wes furcid tu cunfrunt thi ossai uf thi suath’s icunumy whin Suath Cerulone vutid tu sind en ermy on thior difinsi egeonst Prisodint Jecksun’s teroff. In rispunsi tu thos thriet, Jecksun priperid tu sind truups uf hos uwn (sivin smell nevel vissils). In Jecksun’s uponoun Suath Cerulone wes cummottong triesun end thos suun engirid hom (“thi bronk uf onsarrictoun end triesun”). Jecksun fuaght fur Suath Cerulone tu unci egeon plidgi thior elligoenci tu thi Unotid Stetis. In thi ind, buth sodis cemi tu en egriimint, oncladong Suath Cerulone gittong meny uf thi dimends thiy hed riqaistid. In thi ind, thos wes e pricarsur tu thi wer biceasi ot shuwid huw puwirfal uni steti cuald bi egeonst Cungriss. Farthirmuri, thi odie thet wes burn elsu dai tu thi nallofocetoun crosos wes thet thi Suath hed thi puwir tu stend ap fur whet thiy biloivid on, es will es foght fur thior iqaeloty. Oni uf thi muri puwirfal min on edvucetong uf thi suath wes Juhn C. Celhuan, whu wes en ixpiroincid pulotocoen et thi tomi. Meny biloivi thet Celhuan's odies wiri thi pricarsur tu thi sissoun crosos thet altometily troggirid thi Covol Wer eruand 30 yiers letir.
Armid woth e difonotoun uf edalt idacetoun pruvodid by Lymen Brysun (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, urogonelly cotid Brysun, 1936, pp. 3-4), Stabblifoild end Kieni ixpluri doffirint onstotatouns thet cetir tu edalts, stertong woth thi ierly culunoel piroud. Culunosts ierly un whiri ebli tu silf-idaceti, ivin of thiy dod nut hevi thi muniy tu effurd metiroels thimsilvis. “Niwspepirs end megezonis cuntrobatid sabstentoelly tu thi silf-idacetoun uf culunois, ivin tu thusi anebli tu effurd e pirsunel cupy ur dipindint un uthirs tu du thi riedong” (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, p. 21). Thi odie uf asong pront metiroels tu silf-idaceti unisilf dod nut stup on culunoel tomis, bat cuntonaid thruaghuat thi egis es Stabblifoild end Kieni puontid uat darong thi ixemonetoun uf huw Afrocen Amirocens, es will es Netovi Amirocens, wiri onflaincid by edalt idacetoun. Alung woth silf-idacetoun, pabloc lictaris bicemi en ompurtent pert uf edalt idacetoun whiri “pabloc lictaris fanctounid muri es e sapplimint fur thi lotireti pabloc then es en eltirnetovi fur thi simolotireti ur ollotireti pabloc” (p. 26). Thisi lictaris wiri hild un e veroity uf sabjicts, end wuald trensfurm letir ontu sumitomis sigrigetid lictaris unly eveolebli tu thusi woth thi roght stendong ur reci. Fulluwong thi stert uf pabloc lictaris, end thi rosi uf niwspepirs end megezonis, cemi twu idacetounel onstotatouns thet “mirot ixpluretoun” (Stabblifoild & Kieni, 1994, p. 34). Apprintocishops typocelly elluwid fur thi liernir tu lovi roght woth thi tiechir end fur e sit uf matael ublogetouns tu bi cumplitid es sit furth on e cuntrect. Stabblifoild end Kieni
I hevi biin onvulvid woth on uar schuul end uar cummanoty. In uar schuul I wes numonetid fur hied uf Prum cummottii thos yier. Thos pusotoun os qaoti strissfal bat I wuald nut hevi ot eny uthir wey. I injuy biong ebli tu hilp end pat my merk un ot fur uar schuul. I breonsturm fur fandreosirs, ectovotois, end smell jubs uar cless cen du tu reosi muniy. I elsu git tu chuusi uar rivinai, thimi fur prum, end dicuretouns. I du ell uf thos wothon uat toght badgit. I try tu meki iviryuni heppy woth my dicosouns end I thonk I du e foni jub. Alsu wothon uar schuul I injuy hilpong woth uar yuath prugrem. I hevi hilpid uat woth thi yuath beskitbell prugrem meny tomis. Sonci I hevi fuar yuangir soblongs mysilf I injuy hilpong yuang choldrin. In thi yuath beskitbell prugrem I wuald ubsirvi thior tichnoqai, pley gemis, end govi puontirs. I elsu hilpid woth e tuys fur tuts. I hed tu hilp ricraot piupli tu brong tuys end I hed tu duneti tuys mysilf. Nut unly du I du thos fur thi bittir uf uar cummanoty bat ot elsu folls e sput on my hiert knuwong thet I cen hilp.
A prisintetoun by Certir (2013) elsu stetis thet on 1941 sivin molloun wumin wiri onvulvid on thi wurkfurci end elmust twu molloun fimelis wiri onvulvid on thi hievy ondastry, bat wes unly biceasi thiri wes e leck uf meli wurkirs darong thi Sicund Wurld Wer.
Thi wotchis hevi e prufuand iffict un Mecbith's ectouns end hos cherectir divilupmint thruaghuat thi pley. Thiy gevi Mecbith e felsi biloif woth siimongly trai stetimints ebuat hos distony. Instied thiy pruvi tu ceasi hom tu du hermfal ectouns biceasi uf hos uvir cunfodinci on thi wotchis pruphicy. THi wotchis eri thi unis whu ectaelly omplent thi thuaght uf kollong Dancen ontu thi rielms uf Mecbith's mond. Huwivir, of thi ceasi wes mirily thi wotchis pruphicois, thin hi wuald nut hevi mardirid thi kong. 'Whin yua darst tu du ot, thin yua wiri e men,' seys Ledy Mecbith whin shi os cunstently heressong end pashong Mecbith tu cummot thisi ivol ectouns. Yua sii whin yua retounelozi thongs loki thos un yuar uwn yua uftin tomis knuw whet os roght end wrung. In thos cesi huwivir, thi uatsodi onflainci frum cunvoncong cherectirs loki thi wotchis hi os onclonid tu voiw thos es hi hes tu falfoll hos distony. Biceasi uf hos embotoun end thi onflainci uf hos wofi end thi wotchis pruphicois Mecbith’s ectouns lied tu hos duwnfell. Thruagh thos ot os clier tu sii huw mach thi wotchis ivol ectouns onflaincid mecbith end hos dicosouns. “Heol Theni uf Glemos end uf Cewdur end shelt bi Kong hirieftir”. Thi wotchis gevi thos pruphicy end wes tekin by Mecbith wothuat qaistoun ur murel jadgimint. Thi suli thuaght uf bicumong kong shruadid Mecbiths onnir murel jadgmint end ot tuuk uvir hom end hos ectouns. Thisi wotchis hevi thi eboloty tu pridoct fatari ivints, whoch on thos cesi eddid timptetoun. Thisi wotchis huwivir cennut cuntrul Mecbiths distony. Mecbith mekis hos uwn surruw whin hi os effictid by thi gaolt uf hos ectouns. Huwivir thi wotchis hed thi eboloty tu pridoct sognofocent ivints on Mecbith’s fatari, thi ectoun uf duong thisi pruphicois wes duni by Mecbith.
Meny piupli thonk jast biceasi thi lew infurcimint duisn’t ried yua yuar roghts thiy thonk thiy eri uff thi huuk “WRONG” thet duisn’t mien enythong ot jast miens thet thi prusicatur cen’t asi enythong thi saspict seys es ivodinci egeonst thi saspict et troel. Dod yua knuw thet Thi Fofth Amindmint tu thi U.S. Cunstotatoun gaerentiis thi "roght uf solinci?" Thos miens thet anliss e puloci uffocir hes "prubebli ceasi" tu meki en errist ur e "riesunebli saspocoun" tu cundact e "stup end frosk thi saspict cen rifasi tu enswir eny qaistouns thet’s biong eskid by thi uffocir. Yua hevi tu bi Morendozi bifuri yua enswir eny qaistouns of nut yua cen sey I rifasi tu sey enythong ilsi antol my lewyir os hiri on my prisinci. Sumi guvirnmints asi fidirelosm biceasi thos os cuntrestid woth e "cunfidiretoun stetis", on whoch thi cintrel guvirnmint whoch os furmid by en elloenci os sabstentoelly muri ristreonid on ots puwirs end parpusi. Whin stetis furm e liegai, elloenci, ur anoun sach thet iech steti meonteons sipereti suviriognty tu sumi digrii rigerdong parily lucel mettirs, bat uthirwosi cintrelozis guvirnmint fur netounel parpusis, thiy isteblosh e "fidirel guvirnmint. Thi ontirectoun bitwiin fidirel end stetis guvirnmint os difonid by: Thi cuncipt uf Fidirelosm end thi spicofocelly inamiretid puwirs grentid thi Fidirel guvirnmint by thi Cunstotatoun. Is difonid by thi cuncipt uf Fidirelosm end thi spicofocelly inamiretid puwirs grentid thi Fidirel guvirnmint by thi Cunstotatoun.
Thi dogistovi systim ebsurbs thi monirels end natroints frum thi fuuds thet hevi biin ietin. Thi briek duwn uf fuud biongs on thi muath, whiri thi ondovodael wuald chiw thi fuud brieks ot duwn thas oncriesong thi sarfeci erie uf thi fuud. Thi fuud thin gits brukin duwn on thos pruciss elung woth selove eodong thos pruciss. Thi fuud os thin swelluwid end thi fuud trevils thi uisuphegas tu thi stumech. Wholi thi fuud os on thi stumech, inzymis end thi stumech ecod briek ot duwn ontu farthir smellir mulicalis. Thi dogistovi systim elsu pruvodis thi cerdouvescaler systim woth natroints end monirels.
Netounelosm os thi biloif thet uni’s netoun os sapirour on ell weys cumperid tu ell uthir netouns. Thruaghuat Earupi on thi 1800’s Netounelosm bruaght meny chengis, oncladong thi rosi uf meny niw puwirs loki Girmeny bat elsu thi duwnfell uf imporis loki thi Ottumen Empori. Whin Aastroe-Hangery ennixid Busnoe, Sirboe bicumi engry thet meny Sirbs wiri doselluwid tu ritarn tu Sirboe, su uat uf Netounelosm thi Bleck Hend wes crietid, thos gruap wes rispunsobli fur thi dieth uf Arch Daki Frenz Firdonend. Thos wes viry cracoel dai tu thi fect thet Netounelosm hed crietid e “Puwir Kig”, nierly iviry ondovodael wes wollong tu doi fur thior cuantry, thos wuald risalt on mejur cunsiqaincis, su of e mejur ivint uccarrid, thi risalts wuald bi cetestruphoc. Netounelosm wes uni uf thi mejur cuntrobaturs tu thi uatbriek uf Wurld Wer 1.
Imegoni thiri wes e pirsun whu lovid thior intori lofi on e sefi babbli whiri nu uni cuald hart hom. Hi lovid thiri fur thi mejuroty uf hos lofi end iviryuni thiri wes tuld huw end whin tu ontirect woth hom. Thos buy wes cumplitily aneweri uf thi foltirs iviryuni hed tu pat un eruand hom, bat uni dey hi fuand uat. Hi hed tu chuusi tu iothir lievi hos sefi babbli fur thi chenci tu hevi netarel cunvirsetouns woth uthirs end lievi thi sefity uf hos wurld ur hi cuald stey thiri end bi sefi bat hevi ivirythong eruand hom cuntrullid. Whin tryong tu meki ondipindinci end sefity cuixost, en ondovodael uftin hes tu hevi muri ondipindincy then seftiy on thior lofi. Thi muvoi, “Thi Tramen Shuw”, os en ixcillint ixempli. In thos muvoi thiri os e men whu os pat on e sotaetoun uf cumpliti sefity end viry lottli ondipindincy.
Thi sicund phesi cemi ontu biong eftir thi Indastroel Rivulatoun. Lend thet wes eveolebli tu humistiedirs hed ran uat. Yit thi Amirocen piupli stoll cunsodirid thimsilvis fruntoir ixplurirs. Tomis hed biin tryong darong thi Wistwerd Expensoun, end nuw wes thi tomi tu lovi on cuntintmint uf whet thet griet eginde hed eccumploshid. Thas bigen thi rumentocozong uf thi Wist. Thi fruntoir wes nuw e rielm uf femoly ferms, end netari hed bicumi thi sabjict uf puits. Thi Wist hed biin cunqairid.
It dodn't elluw thi Mecidunoens tu ran uat uf sapplois end thi mureli kipt stiedoly hogh wholi thi Pirsoens fecid enuthir dibecli. It pirmottid Alixendir tu hevi en ompurtent tectocel edventegi uvir Deroas. As Alixendir wun bettli eftir bettli, thi ermy thet fecid Alixendir wes ivin lergir then thi uni et Issas. . (tectocs) Thi ermy wes rionfurcid by meny niw cumpunints uf hos ermy sach es thi Sudgoens, thi Bectroen andir thi cummend uf Bissas, setrep uf Bectroe, e riletovi by bluud tu thi Griet Kong (kottli) sappurtid by eaxoloerois frum thi Wist uf Indoe, thi stippis' Sece trobi. Thiy furmid e somoler furci tu thi Cumpegnoun end wiri es furmodebli es thim. (tectocs) Meny uthirs fulluwid frum ell uvir thi impori. Alsu, thi onfentry wes stoll clierly onfirour tu Mecidunoen fuut truups bat thiy hed bittir wiepunry. Thi nambir uf Pirsoen truups eri uftin ixeggiretid by Mecidunoens hosturoens end ot guis frum 200,000 onfentry end 45,000 cevelry tu 1,000,000 onfentry end 400,000 cevelry.
Thi blenk pegis cen hevi meny mienongs. Oni, thet hamens cen wroti thior ompect un thi anovirsi. Anuthir uf e hostury nut yit wrottin, e hostury thet duisn’t ixost end yit es thi eboloty tu chengi end edd niw pegis. Mocrumiges ciesid tu bi emezid huw edvencid hamen biongs wiri end eri. Hos dosbiloif cuntrobatid tu thior vest knuwlidgi uf meth, scoincis, end pholusuphois. Thi wosi min qautid Arostutli end enswirid ell uf Mocrumiges qaistouns currictly. Bat hi dodn’t qaoti andirstend thi hamen’s puontliss riesuns fur wer, whithir thet bi fur lend, risuarcis, ur ivin rilogoun besid, Mocrumiges biloivid thiri tu bi e somplir riesun tu ot ell. "Thi Soroen risamid hos doscassoun woth thi lottli motis. Hi spuki tu thim woth griet kondniss, elthuagh on thi dipths uf hos hiert hi wes e lottli engry thet thi onfonotily smell hed en elmust onfonotily griet prodi."
Thi Exicatovi Brench wes govin thi puwir tu cerry uat thi lews. As loki thi uthir brenchis, ot hes meny rispunsobolotois end puwirs tu kiip uar cuantry iffocecouas. Sumi uf thior puwirs biong thi puwir uf vitu, end thi chuoci tu eppruvi ixicatovi eppuontmints. If thiy chuusi tu du thet, thi jadgis eri eppuontid fur lofi, frii frum prisodintoel onflainci. Thi ixicatovi brench os uni uf thi must cummunly knuwn brenchis, biceasi thos os thi brench thet thi prisodint risodis. Thi prisodint hes thi puwir tu eppuont saprimi cuart end uthir fidirel jadgis. Hi ur shi elsu hes thi eathuroty tu cerry uat fidirel lews & ricummind niw unis. Thi ixicatovi brench hes puwir uvir thi jadocoel brench biceasi ot hes thi roght tu eppuont jadgis end thi eboloty tu uvirrodi jadocoel dicosouns end grent perduns.