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Factors that influence understanding nonverbal communication
Factors that influence understanding nonverbal communication
Verbal versus nonverbal communication
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We, as humans, have the propensity to vary in how well we encode and decode messages that are both written and spoken. This is because people tend to range in a variety of highs and lows with regard to their verbal language abilities. This would a lot for differences in nonverbal communication as well. Nonverbal communication refers to the exchange of information between people and an explanation or establishment of the meaning of information by any means other than the use of spoken or written words. It includes message through a multitude of behaviors (expressive channels) such as facial expressions, bodily movements, vocal tone and pitch, and other channels that are comprised of a variety of cues related to the encoding and the decoding of messages. The communication and interpretation of nonverbal behavior draws on tacit, implicit knowledge that all human beings possess (Ambady and Rosenthal, 775). There are a multitude of mechanisms that allows one to encode and decode messages: personality traits, self-monitoring, sex, and gender. Research has linked certain personality traits with the ability to encode and decode nonverbal behavior. Studies have found that “people who are extroverted are more skilled at portraying emotions through vocal and facial codes [whereas] introverts are less able to communicate emotions nonverbally, if for no other reason than they have not had as much practice due to their tendency to withdraw from people” (Infante, Rancer, and Avtgis, 219). According to sociological social psychologists such as Mead (1934), Goffman (1959), and Turner (1968), we continually play roles and manage the impressions of ourselves that we give off (Kraut, 380). “Although nonverbal communication can be controlled to ad... ... middle of paper ... ... Print. Kraut, Robert E. "Verbal and Nonverbal Cues in the Perception of Lying." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36.4 (1978): 380-91. Print. Sauter, Michael, Samuel Weigley, and Alexander E.M. Hess. "America’s Most Misleading Product Claims." 247wallst.com. Wordpress.com, 24 Jan. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. . Vrij, Aldert, Katherine Edward, Kim P. Roberts, and Ray Bull. "Detecting Deceit Via Analysis of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior." Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Winter 24.4 (2000): 239-63. Print. Weinmann, Karlee, and Kim Basin. "14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions." 14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions. Business Insider, 16 Sept. 2011. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. .
Author Allison Kornet in her article (1997) “The Truth about Lying: Has Lying Gotten a Bad Rap” states that deception or lying has become a part of everyone’s life. A person lies or deceives as often as he brushes his teeth or combs his hair. Many psychologists have neglected or ignored the concept of deception or lying and its effects on everyone’s life. Kornet explains that in the previous two to three decades, the psychologists started noticing or analyzing the effects of a person’s deception on others or why a person lies so many times in his day-to-day life. The person might learn lying from childhood
One of the last types of ways investigators are coached to detect deception is in the behavioral attitudes of a person being interviewed such as being unconcerned or over anxious (Kassin, 2005). The success rate of looking for these cues are very successful in telling if an individual is being deceitful and has surpassed any laboratory tests conducted on the subject. The laboratory test however did reveal some interesting facts. The research showed that people who had training and experience did not score better than the control group who received no training. In fact all individuals scored at the chance level with the people who had training scored just above chance or at the chance level. To check if special training in the detection of deception was more accurate a study ...
(8) has suggested that the inhibition hypothesis is related to what is currently known about cognitive processes. Mainly, the limited cognitive resources the brain possesses can only be divided between so many tasks; as cognitive demand increases past a particular point [i.e. through high emotional intensity/complex lie] emotional leakage will occur while the individual attempts to be deceptive (8). It is this concept of emotional leakage, precipitated from the inhibition hypothesis, that has been of great interest to researchers as it offers a glimpse into the inner affective state of the subject (8). The applied applications of the concept have been particularly useful in fields concerned with deception detection - especially in regards to high stakes lies (8).
Vrij, Aldert, Lucy Akehurst, Stavroula Soukara, and Ray Bull. “Detecting Deceit Via Analyses of Verbal and Nonverbal Behavior in Children and Adults.” January 2004. Ohiolink. 7 April, 2004. <http://journals.ohiolink.edu/local-cgi/send-pdf/040314132256522215.pdf>
However, there are four general categories of cues that people can use to detect both deception and scams, which include signs of nervousness, suppression, easily agitated or anxious, and idiosyncratic sources (von Hippel & Trivers, 2011). Sometimes it is easier to detect when something is a bit off. People who are familiar with each other 's habits can also detect deception via idiosyncratic signs of nervousness, suppression, and cognitive load, because different individuals reveal their mental states in different ways (von Hippel, & Trivers, 2011). For example, if a good friend, family or co-worker may all of a sudden start having behavioral changes or just start lying about something then that person will be able to tell something is
Grubin, D., & Madsen, L. (2005). Lie detection and the polygraph: A historical review. Journal
Have you ever desired to know what someone was thinking when you have had a conversation with them? That was the one fascination that I wanted to understand myself. I extended my search online to research everything that I could find about this topic. In my assessment I found numerous sources that have done a vastly beneficial job of interpretation about nonverbal communication.
Empirical research on deception has shown that people can compellingly fake feelings, personalities, and attitudes (DePaulo, 1992) but perceivers typically are not capable of recognizing the deception (Barrick and Mount, 1996; McFarland and Ryan, 2000; Furnahm, 1986; Sackett and Wanek, 1996; Torisand DePaulo, 1984). In fact it is well documented through years of deception detection experiments, that people are barely better than chance at identifying truth from lies. One meta-analysis (Bond and DePaulo, 2006) found that average accuracy in deception detection experiments was only 4% better than
Deceit is the action or practice of deceiving someone by concealing or misleading the truth. Deception has always been a part of psychology and researchers have always determined that in the majority of cases the deceptions are harmless or minimal, yet they still exist. As a result of Mailgram’s experiment, deceptive research operations are now under harsh examination all across the discipline. It is obvious that Milgram’s intent was not to revol...
Liars and how to catch them has been a long-held interest of humanity. The modern-day polygraph is this generation’s crack at it.
Sutliff, Usha. “‘Liars’ Brains Wired Differently.” USC News. USC University of Southern California. 19 Sept. 2005. Web. 11 December 2013.
Nonverbal communication is rich in meaning. Everyone communicates through nonverbal gestures and motions. I realized that you can decipher a lot from an individual or individuals by just paying close attention to what they do, and that words are not really necessary. Watching two people interacting, I figured that they are really close by their space communication, eye language, and body movements.
Nonverbal communication is defined by Floyd as “behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning without the use of words” (2011, pg. 179). From when we were young we have been taught to read the nonverbal cues that others give to us. When we are getting differing messages from someone’s verbal and nonverbal communication we tend to believe what people show us with their bodies compared to their verbal message (Floyd, 2011). The reason we tend to believe nonverbal signals over verbal messages is because “people have a harder time controlling nonverbal signals than verbal ones” (Floyd, 2011, pg. 182). A person’s nonverbal actions tend to “more accurately reflect what a person is really thinking or feeling” (Floyd, 2011, pg. 182). Nonverbal communication signals are more truthful and accurate to what the sender is feeling
One of the components of Reid approach is training the interrogators to establish whether a suspect is lying or telling the truth by evaluating the nonverbal and verbal behavior during the interview. Many people question the effectiveness of interrogation training in assisting to discern truth from suspects. According Professor Richard Leo, people are poor in drawing accurate judgments of deception and truth (Leo, 2013). The behavior prompts used police are not diagnostic of deception, the investigators cannot differentiate false from truth denials of guilt, and yet they maintain they draw accurate
While lying, the human body starts changing his/her usual body movement, or facial movement without conscience. According to Fernandez (2006) a person who studies body language professionally would identify a liar through