Article 1 – The Sleep of School Children, its Distribution According to Age, and its Relation to Physical and Mental Efficiency
This article by Terman and Hocking (1952) gives an early look, in the 1950’s, at what their thoughts were about sleep terrors were, what they were caused by, and what could be done with them. The language of the article is not language that is currently used, such as calling the participants of the research defectives, which looking back at the 1950’s terminology was acceptable. Today, we call them participants or subjects.
Terman and Hocking (1952) thought children who suffered from night terrors were “occasionally provoked by indigestion, obstructed breathing or other reflex irritations” (p. 273) and more likely by hereditary issues, “notably migraine(s)” (p. 273). During their time of studying, the authors looked into the number of hours a child slept, the ventilation in the house, and the housing conditions. The variables did not prove what they were trying to find, so they went on to looking at the physical issues and ailments of children.
One child in particular, the article chronicles, is haunted by night terrors and self-reports that he has never had a dream, just nightmares. The child’s nightmares were vivid in which he was able to give details. Most of his nightmares had monsters chasing him and starving him and withholding water from him. When the researchers looked into his home life, he and his mother were very poor and did not know when the next meal was going to be. The child, being frustrated after years of having these recurring nightmares, meditated and told himself over and over he was no longer going to suffer from night terrors (p. 274). According to the researche...
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...ian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 734-739.
Guilleminault, C. & Palombini, L. & Pelaya, R. & Chervin, R. (January 2003). Sleepwalking and sleep terrors in prepubertal children: what triggers them? Pediatrics, 11(1), 17-25.
Nguyen, B. et al. (December 2008). Sleep terrors in children: a prospective of twins. Pediatrics, 122(6), 1164-1167.
Shang, C. & Gau, S. & Soong, W. (2006). Association between childhood sleep problems and perinatal factors, prenatal mental distress and behavioral problems. European Sleep Research Society, 15, 63-73.
Stores, G. (1998). Sleep paralysis and hallucinosis. Behavioral Neurology, 11, 109-112.
Terman, L. & Hocking, A. (1952). The sleep of school children, its distribution according to age, and its relation to physical and mental efficiency. The Journal of Educational Psychology, III, 269-282.
Using secondary sources from academic journals, as well as other peer-reviewed materials in the science of sleep medicine, this report outlines how academic performance and physical health is affected by chronic sleep
McKenna, James J. Joyce, Edmund P. "Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone." Neuroanthropology.net. n.p. 21 December 2008. Web. 8 March 2014
For centuries, adults and children alike have been afraid to go to bed at night. The
Weissbluth, Marc, M.D. Healthy Sleep Habits, Happy Child. 3rd ed. New York: The Random House Publishing Group, 2003. Print.
De Souza, Jane Carla, et al. "Sleep Patterns of Teachers and Adolescents Who Attend School in
The short-term benefits to infants of co-sleeping with their mothers would be increase breast feeding which promotes bed-sharing, increase sleep interval and duration, less crying time, increase compassion to mother’s communication (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Short-term benefits to mothers who co-sleep with their infants would be more sleep time with gratification, increase sensitization to infant’s physiological-social status, increase wellbeing and the ability to understand developmental signals from the infant, and improved skill to supervise and accomplish infant wants (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Long-term benefits of co-sleeping for infants are under-represented, but it can spread relief with sexual identity, infants become independent and increase control of their reactions and anxiety, and they become more self-determining in task problem solving and initiating because they are better at being unaccompanied (McKenna, Mosko , & Richard, pg. 604). Parents should know the benefits of co-sleeping either long-term or
...he propensity to nightmares. Use of night lights and other strategies may reduce a child's anxiety levels at night. If the nightmares are recurrent then it may help for the parents to talk through the nightmare and imagine a less scary endings. For adults, behavioral approaches in the treatment of nightmares have been successful and can result in short- and long-term reduction of nightmare frequency in more than 70 percent of patients. Such therapy requires only a few group or individual sessions with a psychologist or in a sleep medicine center (Pagel, 2000). Unlike other major disorders, nightmare disorder allows the individual to take personal steps to overcome the disorder before seeking professional help. For many, being able to self treat the disorder gives them greater empowerment and allows the individual to help others who experience the same disorder.
There are three forms of sleep paralysis. Ramsawh (2005) found that when it occurs in non-narcoleptic individuals it is known to as isolated sleep paralysis (ISP). Another form is referred to as familial sleep paralysis, in which it is similar to ISP, but genetically transmitted (Levitt, 2009). The final form of sleep paralysis is narcoleptic sleep paralysis, which occurs as a symptom of Narcolepsy (Levitt, 2009). Isolated sleep paralysis episodes are characteristic with “infrequent attacks and a negative family history”, and familial sleep paralysis with “more frequent attacks and a positive family history” (Powell, 1998, p. 239). Each form of sleep paralysis is unique and different in the causes and symptoms they possess.
Polimeni, M. A., Richdale, A. L., & Francis, A. J. P. (2005). A survey of sleep problems in autism, Asperger's disorder and typically developing children.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(4), 260-268. http://www.bowdiges.org/documents/files/
Ohayon, M.M., Caulet, M., Priest, R.G. (1997) Violent Behavior During Sleep New Jersey: J Clin Psychiatry
Sleep disorders are an underestimated public health concern considering that fifty to seventy million Americans are affected. Technological advances in the field of sleep have facilitated various theories to explain the need for and the purpose of sleep. Scientist have uncovered many types of sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, and narcolepsy. Sleep disorders affect men ,women, children, the elderly, and the obese in different ways. Factors such as the number of children and the effects of menopause have been studied to determine their effects on sleep. Various treatments have been utilized ranging from non-pharmacologic to pharmacologic methods. Scientist have pinpointed areas of the brain that are involved in sleep deprivation and hormones that ultimately affect sleep.
"Common Sleep Problems." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. Ed. Mary L. Gavin. The Nemours Foundation, 01 Jan. 2011. Web. 08 Mar. 2014.
In this paragraph, I will elucidate on how sleep deprivation is associated with low academic performance, poor health, depression, mood disorders and drowsy driving in adolescents. I will substantiate my argument using statistics and studies, performed by researchers in my sources. I will also be defining cardinal terms such as circadian rhythms, sleep deprivation and neurocognitive functioning. Finally, I will present my thesis statement and introduce academic performance and health effects of sleep deprivation as the two
Sleep and Sleep Disorders. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 July 2013. Web. 7 May 2014. .
Wells, M., & Vaughn, B. V. (2012). Poor Sleep Challenging the Health of a Nation. Neurodiagnostic Journal,52(3), 233-249.