New Tissue Engineered Bone

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Recommended: About Tissue engineering

1.1 Regenerative Medicine
1.1.1 Tissue Engineering
Tissue engineering uses natural biology principles and engineering to develop materials that can be used to restore, maintain, improve or enhance natural regeneration of tissue function. Tissue engineering is a potential solution to help increase the length of life, alleviate the current shortage of donor tissue. On average, 2.2 million annual bone grafting procedures are carried out globally, with most using biological autograph tissue (Malak and Anderson, 2008). Disease transmission and immune rejection are amongst the many disadvantages associated with biological bone grafts currently implemented. This has driven research into alternative bone replacement materials as the disadvantages of biological bone grafts outweigh the advantages. The following figure illustrates the basic principles of tissue engineering (Dvir, 2012):

Figure 1 –The Concept of Tissue Engineering (Dvir, T., 2012)

1.1.2 Market Scenario
The following figure shows the forecast for the global markets in tissue engineering, cell therapy and transplantation, by clinical area for 2009-2018 (MedMarket Diligence, 2010):

Figure 2 – Global Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Market By Clinical Application (MedMarket Diligence, 2010)
The figure shows increasing market opportunities, with the orthopaedic segment growing at an anticipated 15% rise. Due to an ageing population, the demand for bone replacement materials is increasing significantly, hence the most investment being made in the orthopaedics, musculoskeletal and spine market. The use of tissue regeneration is increasing our mean life expectancy; however, the rate of increase does not correspond to the rate of healthy l...

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.../PDF/Osteogenic%20Differentiation%20and%20Analysis%20of%20MSC.pdf
• Self, A., Thomas, J. and Randall, C. (2012) Measuring National Well-being: Life in the UK. Published online by Office for National Statistics. Available online at: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171766_287415.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2013]
• Shakeel, M. (2013) 2-D Coupled Computational Model of Biological Cell proliferation and nutrient delivery in a perfusion bioreactor. Published in Mathematical Biosciences, 242 (pp. 86-94)
• Song, J., Xu, J. Filion, T., et al. (2009) Elastomeric high-mineral content hydrogel-hydroxyapatite composites for orthopaedic applications. Published as J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009.
• Thomsen, P., Boer, J.D., Hubbell, J. et al. (2008) Tissue Engineering. Published by Academic Press.
• Zadi, M. (2007) Skeletal remodelling in health and disease. Published by Nature Medicine.

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