New Negroes are the old Negroes returning home from the war, freshly birth with a sense of strength and pride for equality in the United States. Along with the men of the 369th Infantry Division of the United States Army, many African Americans had returned home from the war with a sense of privileged prerogative for a better life. Excited and forward looking for the Great Migration to form the center core of the new movement, later to be known as the “New Negro” movement.
The 369th Infantry Division arrived in New York in 1919 as war heroes. They were the first African American troops to see action; every member received the Croix de Guerre for gallantry.”1 They were one of the first units to have black officers, along with an all black enlisted corps. On April 8, 1918 the unit was assigned to the French Army in support of World War I. The unit fought hard and well losing hundreds of men on the battlefield, the French crowned them the “Hell Fighters” wrote Robin Lewis and Earl Kelley.”2 During its tenure the unit took part in many campaigns such as Champagne-Marne, Meuse-Argonne, Champagne 1918, and Alsace 1918.
The 369th received countless accolades during the world, along with the Croix de Guerre for gallantry, one member received the Medal of Honor; some members received the Distinguished Service Cross Award and the Legion of Honor, just to name a few.”3
1. Kelley, Robin and Lewis, Earl. A History of African Americans From 1880; To Make Our World Anew Vol. II (Oxford University Press, Inc., 2000), 200.
2. Kelley and Lewis, History of African Americans From 1880, 200.
3. Williams, Charles, Sideligths on Negro Soldiers; (Boston: B.J. Brimmer Co., 1923).
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Kelley, D.G. and Lewis, Earl, A History of African Americans From 1880: To Make Our World
Anew, Vol II. (New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2005), 50-230
Thurber, T.. "Negro With a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey - By Colin
Grant." Historian 72, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 430-431. http://www.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ (accessed February 21, 2011).
White, Walter. “NAACP: A Century In the fight For Freedom.” Library of Congress (2009)
http://myloc.gov/Exhibitions/naacp/newnegromovement
Williams, Charles H. “Sidelights on Negro Soldiers”. (Boston: B.J. Brimmer Co., 1923)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/369th_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)
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