Parasitism is a dangerous problem that causes diseases in animals. Over time, the most successful parasites are the protozoa, the helminthes, and some of the arthropods (Olsen 1962). These parasites were successful because they move from one host to the next, and some of these parasites, such as the arthropods, feed on blood and tissues in animals and humans, and deprive nutrients from their host. Often this loss of nutrients will result in severe internal organ bleeding for the host. For example, “When parasites, such as hookworms in man or trichostrongyles in cattle and sheep, affect the entire population, the effect of the disease is masked and often not recognized…the injections of these parasites results in great loss of blood through bleeding into the intestine.” Moreover, parasites infect their host leaving an escape route for bacteria and diseases to spread. These diseases can be contagious to humans, therefore animals harm the ecosystem by spreading bacteria and pathogens. According to Baucom and de Roode (2011), tolerance or resistant mechanisms in animals can reduce the growth of parasites. Diseases and bacteria are not the only problems with animals. As the human population increases, animals and humans come in conflict with one another because space and food are limited. To prevent overcrowding, many species are aggressive and developed mechanism to defend their available habitats (Golley 1962). Animals can create major problems because they spread diseases to humans and threatened their lifestyle. To begin with, animals bring harms to humans by transmitting diseases and bacteria. Diseases mainly come from bacteria and harmful parasites. Though some parasites are beneficial to their hosts, many others ... ... middle of paper ... ...m humans’ occupations. Whereas, humans built many projects and homes to shelter these animals and they also created restricted spaces that separates them from the animals, in order for the animals to live within their habitat without interfering with the human populations. Finally, if animals have no boundaries, they can be an intimidating creature. Works Cited Baucom, R. & de Roode, J. (2011). Ecological immunology and tolerance in plants and animals. Functional Ecology, 25(1), 18- 28. Castleberry, S. (2005). Mammals. Georgia encyclopedia. Retrieved March 19, 2011, from http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org Golley, F.B. (1962).Mammals of Georgia: a study of their distribution and functional role in the ecosystem. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Olsen, O. W. (1962). Animal parasites; their biology and life cycles. Minneapolis: Burgess Pub. Co.
Disease and parasitism play a pervasive role in all life. Many of these diseases start with microparasites, which are characterized by their ability to reproduce directly within an individual host. They are also characterized by their small size, short duration of infection, and the production of an immune response in infected and recovered individuals. Microparasites which damage hosts in the course of their association are recognized as pathogens. The level of the interaction and the extent of the resultant damage depends on both the virulence of the pathogen, as well as the host defenses. If the pathogen can overcome the host defenses, the host will be damaged and may not survive. If on the other hand the host defenses overcome the pathogen, the microparasite may fail to establish itself within the host and die.
Many of these diseases originate from animal populations. Humans’ interaction with the environment, and animals contribute to the rate and prevalence of disease. All three areas are interconnected. One Health is a concept that views human, animal, and environmental health as one area of health. The three entities, when separated can hinder each other and delay progress. The opposite is also true. When public health officials recognize the correlation between human, animal, and environmental health, advancements and innovation can occur. Other public health issues are present in relation to spread of infectious disease between humans and animals. People must know how to cook animal products in order to kill pathogens. Many diseases are also transferred when humans disrupt ecosystems. These are areas where public health has the opportunity to make progress. The issues that infectious diseases cause occur across the globe. In addition, One Health concepts can be applied to populations all over the
Golley, F.B. (1962).Mammals of Georgia: a study of their distribution and functional role in the ecosystem. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
Verts, B. J., and Leslie N. Carraway. Land Mammals of Oregon. Berkeley: U of California, 1998. Print.
Animal welfare assessment has been based on the five freedoms1 concept. This considered negative aspects of mental state (fear and stress) and the compromise of physical domains (nutrition, environment, health, behavior), but did not take into account any positive states [1]. Positive welfare has been gaining importance in science [2,3,4] and among public opinion in the past years [5]. As a result, the five freedoms definition started to change and included positive experiences or emotions such as satiety, vitality, reward, contentment, curiosity and playfulness as part of animal welfare [1].
Animal cruelty is just one reason why animal abuse is bad. Part of the problem is people who hurt animals don’t do it on purpose they just do not know how to take care of the animals (Mason 6). Other times people enjoy engaging in watching two animals fight. Some owners test them to see if they are good fighting dogs and if they are not they kill their dogs This one owner killed his dogs that would not fight by hanging,drowning and slamming the dogs (Dohrmann). Most of the time when the animals fight one of the animals dies and the other of is badly injured (Mason 31). The people that watch place bets on which dog they think will win. This is cruel to the animal because they have to fight if they don’t they may die. If they don’t die they
Common animals that carry these diseases are rats, prairie dogs, and parrots (“Exotic Animals as Pets”). According to Live Science, a science news website, researchers have found that 13 zoonoses, which are diseases transmitted from animals, cause approximately 2.2 million human deaths per year. "From cyst-causing tapeworms to avian flu, zoonoses present a major threat to human and animal health," lead researcher Delia Grace, a veterinary epidemiologist. According to researchers, about 60% of all human diseases are zoonotic, meaning they come from animals. Most zoonotic human diseases come from livestock, such as pigs, chickens, cattle, goats, sheep, and camels (Bryner). If humans would not come into close contacts with animals there would not be as many diseases in the world which would result in less human and animal deaths. According to WebMD, an American corporation that provides health news, advice, and expertise, a very common zoonotic disease in the world today is influenza, also known as the flu. Influenza usually comes from ducks, geese, or pigs and then it spreads to chicken and pigs. Leptospirosis is another example of a human infection that comes from animals. Leptospirosis is caused by contact with water, food, or soil that has been contaminated with urine from infected animals. This infection can lead to liver failure, kidney damage, brain and spinal cord infection, and rarely, death
Ok some people will agree with me, and others who do not well there just plain stupid. We have a lot of people in this world that leave animals to starve and die and most of them are either are in shelters or on the street. I know that it is wrong but if u don’t want a pet then either don’t get it or if u have one do not leave it on the street take it to the shelter. Don’t abuse animals because the animals owners should have a background check before they get to have the pet and get it ,and in order to own a pet you should have a license, and held accountable for your action when you have a pet.
Humans are callous, brutal and cold-blooded towards non-human animals; humans have no consideration for the feelings and suffering which they selfishly inflict on animals.
For years, animals have been at the center of our world; “the lives of animals and humans have been inextricably intertwined” (Corbett, 178). Thus, based on the close relationship between animals and humans throughout history, in my opinion animals have been used in all cultures to reflect the nature of humanity, symbolizing societal and individual characteristics. The traits of animals are very simple to observe and recognize, whereas human behavior is more intricate and difficult to describe. Animals are familiar creatures to us, which mutely encourage projection of people’s emotions and attitudes onto them. Animals can be used and as we have learned most recently, they are used to convey deep dimensions of human feelings and ideas. When I think of animals, their representation and their symbolism in our society, I immediately think of ani...
When an animal eats something that has a parasite in it then it can die and when an animal dies it is an example of a symbiosis. This does not help the reproduction of the animal because it would die or maybe it can have eggs and none of them would hatch. This could be positive because if that animal is overpopulating the ecosystem that could help a lot. Also this could be bad because if that was a keystone species a trophic cascade would happen and animals and plants would overpopulate. All this show is that living and nonliving factors within the ecosystems population is going down drastically because of predator - prey relationships and trophic cascade. This all shows how this all connect to each other now. Bu what is the human 's role in all of
Optimal virulence is a long-term evolutionary strategies adopted by pathogen to maximize its persistence within a host population. Optimal virulence suggested the relationship between host and parasites in ecosystem. The parasite's fitness is measure by how effective it is in transmitting offspring to hosts. Virulence is considered by most biologists to be an unavoidable consequence of host resource exploitation (Dybdahl and Storfer, 2003). In order to live longer in a host body a pathogen should evolve to minimize virulence. The agreement was that after some time, destructiveness directed and parasitic connections developed toward beneficial fundamental interaction . This linear perspective has been tested. A pathogen that is excessively limited
Sikes, Roberts. and William L. Gannon. "Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the Use of Wild Mammals in Research." Journal of Mammalogy 92.1 (Feb. 2011): 235-253. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 5 Oct. 2011.
Throughout the years, animal cruelty has changed but for the worst not the better. Imagine being beaten to the brink of death by a human. Imagine being forced to fight to the death of oneself or opponent. Imagine being starved so much that body parts start to go out on ones body. Would a human enjoy being beaten or starved? Are animals not as important as humans? Is animal cruelty worthy trying to be stopped like human abuse? Animal cruelty is currently a growing problem in today’s society because of psychological disorders, overpopulation, and money and it should be stopped.
In this report, we want to lead people to realize about the problem of stray animals and its effects on human beings, and how we can save them. We are going to explain about what experts have to say about this problem, what they think the solutions are, and also how better animal lives can benefit human beings.