Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) in law enforcement and border control applications has heightened the need for ensuring that these systems are not compromised. While several issues related to fingerprint system security have been investigated, including the use of fake fingerprints for masquerading identity, the problem of fingerprint alteration or obfuscation has received very little attention. Fingerprint obfuscation refers to the deliberate alteration of the fingerprint pattern by an individual for the purpose of masking his identity. Several cases of fingerprint obfuscation have been reported in the press. Also NFIQ algorithm used to evaluate the large database of altered fingerprints .further we proposed NFIQ2.0 algorithm to examine the fingerprint. This algorithm has following the steps1.improve the quality of image (fingerprint) from the database 2. Convert them into high quality fingerprint. Then the process similar to NFIQ. This result shows the feasibility of the proposed NFIQ2.0 approach in detecting altered fingerprint.
1 INTRODUCTION
Fingerprint recognition has been successfully used bylaw enforcement agencies to identify suspects andvictims for almost 100 years. Recent advances in automatedfingerprint identification technology, coupled with thegrowing need for reliable person identification, have
resulted in an increased use of fingerprints in bothgovernment and civilian applications such as bordercontrol, employment background checks, and secure facilityaccess.The success of fingerprint recognition systems in accurately identifying individuals has prompted some individuals to engage in extreme measures for the purpose of circumventing these systems. The primary purpose of fingerprint alterati...
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...ve prompted some individuals to take extrememeasures to evade identification by altering their fingerprints. The problem of fingerprint alteration or obfuscationis very different from that of fingerprint spoofing, where an individual uses a fake fingerprint in order to adopt theidentity of another individual. While the problem of spoofing has received substantial attention in the literature,the problem of obfuscation has not been addressed in the biometric literature, in spite of numerous documented casesof fingerprint alteration for the purpose of evading identification. While obfuscation may be encountered withother biometric modalities (such as face and iris), thisproblem is especially significant in the case of fingerprintsdue to the widespread deployment of AFIS in bothgovernment and civilian applications and the ease withwhich fingerprints can be obfuscated.
The use of criminal record databases by employers has greatly increased since the 1990s when the information first became relevant (Appelbaum, 2015). The biggest rise in background searches began after the terrorist attacks in New York City on September 11, 2001. Mr. Uggen, a criminologist at the University of Minnesota, states that there is a problem with criminal background checks considering most employers have no idea what they should be looking for. With every business owner having different concerns about potential applicants, “we haven’t really figured out what a disqualifying offense should be for particular activities (Appelbaum,
When it comes to identical twins we have come to learn that twin identical or not will not have the same fingerprint. Fingerprints are unique and are made to identify a person. So even when you clone humans or other primates I believe that the Friction ridge pattern will be similar but not exactly the same. I believe that in the process of the cloning process something will cause the fingerprints to come out different. Because cloning is dangerous there has yet to be a human cloning, but there have been cloning of monkeys and according to the data even though the monkey was cloned the fingerprint still isn’t the same.
...the unknown print or some other person could have made it. The bottom line is that only one person could leave the unknown print. It is the responsibility of the fingerprint expert performing a comparison to reach this conclusion. Therefore, fingerprint identification is based on sound scientific principles.
The National Research Council’s key role was to analyze statistical and population genetic issues in the use of DNA evidence and review major alternative approaches to statistical evaluation of DNA evidence (The Evaluation of Forensic DNA, 50). Over the past fifteen years, DNA profiling has made tremendous advancements and continuous improvements in the fight against violent crime.
Offender Profiling: A Theoretical Review of the Processes Involved in Deriving Background Characteristics from Crime Scene Actions. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/1101296/The_Personality_Paradox_in_Offender_Profiling
Used all over the world, Offender profiling can be used to narrow the field of investigation for law enforcement. The four different approaches of criminal profiling can be
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
The rapid growth in technology has been impressive over the past 20 years from television graphics and multi-purpose phones to world-wide connections. Unfortunately, the government is having trouble with this growth to protect the people from having their privacy violated due to the information being stored electronically. In “The Anonymity Experiment”, by Catherine Price, states how easily a person can be track and how personal can be lost. Also, in “Social Security and ID theft”, by Felipe Sorrells, states how social security numbers and personal identities can be stolen and how the government is trying to stop that theft. They both intertwine with technology and privacy though Price's article has a broad overview of that, while Sorrells's focus is mainly on social security number and identity thief part.
Biometrics is described as the use of human physical features to verify identity and has been in use since the beginning of recorded history. Only recently, biometrics has been used in today’s high-tech society for the prevention of identity theft. In this paper, we will be understanding biometrics, exploring the history of biometrics, examples of today’s current technology and where biometrics are expected to go in the future.
Fingerprinting information varies in numerous ways. Each person’s fingerprints are different in someway (Unique). The technical term is actually “DNA fingerprinting” because us as a person obviously cant just take a look at a fingerprint and see the difference; we must analyze the actual DNA behind it. Sometimes a miss concept of most people is, that fingerprints stay perfectly fresh for extended periods of time. Partial fingerprints and even degraded full fingerprints can turn up to be useless sometimes. Fingerprints are not admissible if they are 99.9% sure, they must be 100% or a Forensics lab will not support them. DNA Fingerprinting, and the fingerprints that are at the tips of your actual fingers are two different things. The ones we a...
Radford, Dean. (2011). Fingerprints lead to arrest in 1978 homicide at mobile-park home near Renton. Retrieved December 14, 2013 from http://www.rentonreporter.com/news/130465243.html.
Historically, crime and criminals have always caught the attention of law-abiding citizens. Whenever there is mention of serial killers or unsolved murders or abductions, psychological profiling, now a household term, floats to the top of the list of concerns (Egger, 1999). Psychological profiling is an attempt to provide investigators with more information about an offender who has not yet been identified (Egger, 1999). Its purpose is to develop a behavioral composite that combines both sociological and psychological assessment of the would-be offender. It is generally based on the premise that an accurate analysis and interpretation of the crime scene and other locations related to the crime can indicate the type of person who could have committed the crime (Egger, 1999).
"The Cost of ID Theft, Part 1: Beyond Dollars and Cents." Commerce Times: Business Means Business. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
During the 19th century the study of fingerprints had emerged. The past few centuries we have had numerous developments in fingerprinting. A lot of people give this credit to Francis Galton, who conducted the first study of fingerprint patterns. Galton’s research showed that no two fingerprints are identical; his theory on fingerprints changed the world and the criminal justice system as a whole. Galton studied numerous fingerprints and came to the conclusion that not even identical twins will have the same fingerprints. This finding helped build the justice system and forensic science as we all once knew it. According to Galton fingerprint impressions fall into three different categories, they are loop, arch, and whorl. Another fingerprint known as latent print is a fingerprint that is formed by sweat. This type of fingerprint is not visible to the naked eye; usually a gray or black powder is used to pick up latent prints. Now that we know the three basic categories of fingerprinting, we must take a better look at how fingerprints are identified. Once we understand how they’re identified to others, we will look at some of the landmark cases that helped DNA become what it is today.
Finger print detection is a really good way to find criminals. Finger prints are excellent on finding the exact criminal because no two fingerprints are exactly the same(Source #1, 1982-Galton, sentence 3) . So once you match the fingerprint with one person then thats the criminal or whoever you are looking for. All you have to do is take advantage of the friction ridge patterns