The Standard Model (SM) describes the fundamental particles of matter and their interaction with one another governed by three of the fundamental forces; electromagnetic, strong and weak. The Higgs boson, proposed fifty years ago by theoretical physicists (Brumfiel, 2012), is the fundamental particle responsible for mass and is an essential component of the Standard Model. Furthermore, it’s the only particle of the SM that has not yet been observed. In 2012 a particle consistent with the Standard Model Higgs boson, of mass around 125GeV (Aad et al. 2012), was observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with the ATLAS detector, finally completing the Standard Model. This discovery of the Higgs boson is of great importance scientifically in that it completes the Standard Model or encourages physicists to extend the SM and other models. The practical uses, whether it be direct use of the boson itself or the use of processes and technologies employed to discover it, will also be considered. This discovery opens a whole new range of questions and implications for physicists such as the fact that there might be a ‘Higgs family’ rather than just the one Higgs boson predicted in the Standard Model and observed experimentally in 2012. This means that the Standard Model will have to be extended or other theories will have to be considered such as supersymmetry to explain such concepts.
In the Standard Model, particles know as bosons are responsible for mediating force between the fundamental particles; quarks and leptons. Prior to the discovery of the Higgs-like particle using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, the Higgs boson was the only particle in the Standard Model that was yet to be discovered. Various measurements that ...
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...such as photons, do not. It also gives a fundamental explanation as to why the universe appears as it does. Without the Higgs, atoms and molecules would not be possible. At the moment there are no practical uses of the Higgs boson due to the fact that the time it exists before decaying is far too small to be able to utilize the particles itself. However, efforts taken in the journey to discover the Higgs boson have contributed to technologies used today such as the World Wide Web and medical advances against cancer. It’s suggested that explanations beyond the Standard Model are needed to explain some of the observations at ATLAS such as the light (125 GeV) mass. Observations that are in need of further explanation open the possibility of new research which could lead to confirmation or declination of theories or possibly even entirely new concepts not yet predicted.
...evealed as the “strong-force.” Further scientific exploration also allowed for satellites in space to verify the principles of Einstein’s scientific cosmology. As many years have passed, Albert Einstein’s work has become some of the most famous scientific theories ever proposed and will continue to lead many scientific experiments and discoveries for centuries to come.
Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity has had a colossal impact on the world and is the accepted physical theory reg...
As explained in section 1, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking is the mechanism behind the generation of the masses of the weak gauge bosons, fermion masses and mixings. In addition, it is the concept behind the newly discovered scalar particle, Higgs2.
Bernstein, Jeremy, Paul M. Fishbane, and Stephen Gasiorwocz. Modern Physics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2000
The amazing transformation the study of physics underwent in the two decades following the turn of the 20th century is a well-known story. Physicists, on the verge of declaring the physical world “understood”, discovered that existing theories failed to describe the behavior of the atom. In a very short time, a more fundamental theory of the ...
The Higgs Boson is a subatomic particle, such as that has zero or no spin and follows the statistical description given by S. N. Bose and Einstein. The Higgs Boson theory was discovered in 1964 by a Dr. name Peter Higgs who came up with the idea of the Higgs field which keeps everything in balance and keeps electrons from flying everywhere. When the Higgs Boson theory first came out to other scientist they all thought that Mr. Higgs was crazy because they knew that gravity held everything in its place and that electrons couldn’t escape. The Higgs Boson is what gives other particles it mass because it combines them together to give them mass, but the mass isn’t just given to them they have to enter the Higgs Field. When Peter Higgs first thought of the theory everyone thought he was just saying things until he came up with an equation that solved his theory and soon every scientist started to figure out what is it, how it worked, what’s its purpose. Mr. Higgs was certain that his theory was real and that other particles got mass from the Higgs Field which is made of the Higgs Boson. The Higgs Boson was recently discovered in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at Cern, in Switzerland.
In 1864, James Clerk Maxwell revolutionized physics by publishing A Treatise On Electricity And Magnetism (James C. Maxwell, Bio.com), in which his equations described, for the first time, the unified force of electromagnetism (Stewart, Maxwell’s Equations), and how the force would influence objects in the area around it (Dine, Quantum Field Theory). Along with other laws such as Newton’s Law Of Gravitation, it formed the area of physics called classical field theory (Classical Field Theory, Wikipedia). However, over the next century, quantum mechanics were developed, leading to the realization that classical field theory, though thoroughly accurate on a macroscopic scale, simply would not work at a quantum, or subatomic scale, due to the extremely different behaviour of elementary particles. Scientists began developing a new ideas that would describe the behaviour of subatomic particles when subjected to the fundamental forces (QFT, Columbia Electronic Dictionary)(QFT, Britannica School). Einstein’s theory of special relativity, which states that the speed of light is always constant and as a result, both space and time are, in contrary, relative, was combined into this new theory, allowing for accurate descriptions of elementary
Through my years of learning English in school, I have read a few novels either for assignments or silent readings. I often read novels engaging within the romantic and depressing moments and acting out characters through their dialogues with different speaking tones. Likewise, in the novel, the Deception of Livvy Higgs written by Donna Morrissey, I am again captured by the distinct and interesting characters and their speaking ways. However, paying little attention to what I can actually learn from this novel. Nevertheless, when I finished reading this book, my mind was filled with new knowledge on various historical events. This novel well illustrates Canada’s state and contribution in the Second World War. The French-English relationships
Despite all our advances in particle physics and astrophysics, we still don't know what form of matter makes up 95% of the universe. Physicists have named this mysterious substance dark matter, for it can not be detected by observation (it does not emit visible or other frequency light waves). However, we know that dark matter must exist, following Newton's universal law of gravity.
And, just as X-rays brought a completely new universe into focus, one can hardly imagine what a gravitational view of the universe will reveal. At the very least, we will have definitive proof or denial of black holes, but we may find that black holes are some of the more subtle features of the universe.
The author tells of how waves are effected by quantum mechanic. He also discusses the fact that electromagnetic radiation, or photons, are actually particles and waves. He continues to discuss how matter particles are also matter, but because of their h bar, is so small, the effects are not seen. Green concludes the quantum mechanics discussion by talking about the uncertainty principle.Chapter 5: The need for a New Theory: General Relativity vs.
The theory of quantum mechanics has divided the atom into a number of fundamental sub-atomic particles. Although the physicist has shown that the atom is not a solid indivisible object, he has not been able to find a particle which does possess those qualities. Talk of particles, though, is misleading because the word suggests a material object. This is not the intention for the use of the word in quantum physics. Quantum particles are, instead, representations of the actions and reactions of forces at the sub-atomic level. In fact, physicists are less concerned with the search for a material particle underlying all physical objects and more interested in explaining how nature works. Quantum theory is the means that enables the physicist to express those explanations in a scientific way.
Matter is energy (Fernflores 1). The fact that electron-positron interactions can either produce photons or...
Mesons are composed of quark and anti-quark, and are sensitive to a strong force that bonds the components of the nucleus (Encyclopedia Britannica). Bosons differ dramatically from subatomic particles, known as fermions. There is no limit to the number a boson can occupy. This relates to the book because it discusses the particles required to embody the fields of quantum field theory. The quantum field theory is a body of physical principles combining the elements of quantum mechanics.
During the seventeenth century, the modern science of physics started to emerge and become a widespread tool used around the world. Many prominent people contributed to the build up of this fascinating field and managed to generally define it as the science of matter and energy and their interactions. However, as we know, physics is much more than that. It explains the world around us in every form imaginable. The study of physics is a fundamental science that helps the advancing knowledge of the natural world, technology and aids in the other sciences and in our economy. Without the field of physics, the world today would be a complete mystery, everything would be different because of the significance physics has on our life as individuals and as a society.