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effect on parenting styles on child develpment
impact of parenting styles on child development
effect on parenting styles on child develpment
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Factually Naturally
People have been arguing about nature versus nurture for centuries. Does genetics or
upraising have more effect on a person? Human development is influenced by various things.
But nature, genetics, contributes more to development than the environment does. While nurture
has some influence, nature has much more. Genes are responsible for altruism, personality is
linked to individual genes, and genetic disorders are effects of nature that can cause drastic
differences in quality of life. Genetics determine more of human development than environment.
Nature is what determines altruism, personality, and genetic disorders. Much work and research
has been done to support this, with various studies on each topic, like altruism.
Studies in the genetics of altruism suggest that altruism comes naturally, as shown by
chimps, infants, and twins. Nurture theories claim that it comes from experience and that it is
taught, but these studies prove that genetics are responsible, as altruism is innate. One finding in
chimpanzees, which have nearly identical genes to humans, shows that they are naturally
altruistic. Chimps are not taught to behave selflessly at all, but they do so anyway. They help
their human caretakers with acts, and stranger chimps get food without anything in return. The
scientific team concluded that chimps’ altruism is impulsive, not taught. Altruism is also present
in human infants. These infants have not been taught any social guidelines. They selflessly help
other humans anyway, like with assisting in tasks like opening doors. This proves the experience
theory wrong, since the infants have no experience of learning how to be selfless. Finally,
scientists working in twin studies also fo...
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...mpairments. Nearly all people with Down syndrome have some kind
of serious impairment. Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21. It also causes
physical problems—such as a deformed face, heart effects, and hearing problems, and
intellectual impairment. While the severity of the deficiency various from person to person, it is
always there (“Genes and Development”).
All these things that contribute to development are determined by genetics. Altruism,
personality, and genetic disorders are all determined by nature. Studies show that altruism is
innate, not learned. Genes have a confirmed correlation to personality. Finally, genetic disorders
caused by nature have direct effects on quality of life. When considering how to predict
development, people should always look at nature and genetics. Because when it comes to nature
versus nurture, nature wins.
“The term “nature versus nurture” is used to refer to a long-running scientific debate. The source of debate is the question of which has a greater influence on development: someone's innate characteristics provided by genetics, or someone's environment. In fact, the nature versus nurture debate has been largely termed obsolete by many researchers, because both innate characteristics and environment play a huge role in development, and they often intersect”. (Smith, 2010 p. 1)
Down’s syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is caused by an extra 21st chromosome as there is an error in the body’s cell division. Every human has a nucleus in every cell in the body which contains genes that are grouped along with chromosomes. The normal number of
.(moodle,2017)Neuroscience helps us understand that what we do with our babies matters as much as how we interact with them. It influences adults to become more self-aware and self-reflective about how we
Malatesta, C. Z., & Haviland, J. M. (1982). Learning display rules: The socialization of emotion expression in infancy. Child development, 991-1003.
How adoption and twin studies have influenced the “nature verses nurture debate” has been a focal point for many researchers and people around the world which has caused controversy and many views regarding the topic. “Twin studies look into behaviour in identical and none identical twins and adoption studies separate the effect of nature from nurture, or at least do more successfully than twin studies.” ("The Usefullness of Twin Studies and Adoption Studies | psuea7", 2011, p.1) These studies are used to provide plenty of strong and reliable evidence that and positively influence the Nature vs. Nurture debate. “The Nature vs. Nurture debate is the scientific, cultural, and philosophical debate about whether human culture, behaviour, and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Nature is often defined in this debate as genetic or hormone-based behaviours, while nurture is most commonly defined as environment and experience.” (("Nature vs. Nurture", 2014, p.1) Many controversial debates have surrounded this issue and many researchers are trying to find evidence to justify if twin and adoption studies have an effect on the nature vs. nurture debate. Twin and adoption studies have had a positive influence on the nature-nurture debate because research and evidence has identified different issues and quality information to help the nature-nurture debate evolve. This essay will outline these positive influences and will elaborate on the research and evidence that has helped the nature-nurture debate. The three influences of twin and adoption studies that will be discussed are the influence of researching the affects of behavioural issues such as schizophrenia, the influence of undergoing research on the drinking affects an...
According to Klaus and Kennell, there are specific events, including skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant that must occur directly following the birth of a primate infant. This maximizes the chances of survival for the newborn not only because their mother is a source of food, but also because they will learn the culture they need to be successful in their environment. In the study, Klaus and Kennell test how much time a baby spends crying when they are separated from their mother. They concluded the increased time in babies that were separated was due to the anxiety that separation caused. The difficulty in this is that the cause of the baby’s distress is subjective. Also the notion of critical period proposed that the bonds and lessons taught during that time could not be developed later.
...h or family that does not care. Some children are so young that it appears as though they were born without their Ego to keep them from acting instinctively. Study would prove to be interesting. Are these children born without morals or some type of hormone, gene or has something else gone wrong while they are being formed in the womb?
As told by professor Sapolsky, when a chimpanzee for example has become a victim of a pummeling by a higher-ranking chimp, other chimps will empathize with him by grooming. An example that I think humans would partake in is feeling sorry for children in third world countries. We see televised images of children and for some people sympathy for is felt for them. Now, for others a greater level is felt known as empathy in which they may even volunteer to go those countries to make a difference. The ability to make the lives of someone better provides them with a sense of
Schmidt M.F.H., Sommerville, J.A. (2011). Fairness Expectations and Altruistic Sharing in 15-Month-Old Human Infants. PLoS ONE 6(10): e23223. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023223
Many theories have been thought of over the years to attempt to explain why people behave the way they do. Many questions were brought up when thinking about that and the social learning theory is a popular theory in explaining this. Nobody really thought of the social learning theory too much until Albert Bandura wrote his idea of it. He actually wrote a book called “Social Learning Theory.” In this book, he states that behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning(Saul McLeod).
"Nature Plus Nurture." Read "" by Begley, Sharon. N.p., 13 Nov. 1995. Web. 08 Apr. 2014.
Some characteristics of DS are: deep folds at the corners of the eyes, hypotonia, short stature, flexible joints, small oral cavity and heart defects (Taylor, Richards, & Brady, 2005). Most individuals with DS have a moderate intellectual disability, although there is a range of disability, from severe to high functioning (IQ above 70). Since DS is a birth defect and not a disease, there are no treatment options. Improvement can be made through physicians, special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and psychol...
Prosocial behavior is also learned through observation and direct reinforcement, the Learning Explanation (Nurture): Social Learning Theory, argued that prosocial behavior is learned in the same way as any other behavior and can be achieved in three ways: 1) for parents and others to reward prosocial acts with praise; 2) for parents to act as prosocial models themselves; 3) to expose children to other models who behave in prosocial ways (Clarke, 2003, p.18).
These voluntary actions are then used to express empathy because they are able to put themselves in the position of the other dog, thus they are willing to do “voluntary acts”. For instance, in “Task Differences and Prosociality; Investigating Pet Dogs’ Prosocial Preferences in a Token Choice Paradigm,” dogs in pair of twos were situated in a lab and one dog had the choice to press a button or pull a lever that would present their partner food. If the dog knew its partner, then the dog was more likely to be prosocial and generous and allow the other dog to eat. (Dale et al.). Thus showing empathy through being prosocial by actively aiding another dog in which this canine knew well. Consequently, both dogs would benefit as the first one feels validation because of its good deed, while the other is satisfied due to the fact that its basic needs are being met. However, as later seen in Dale et al.’s study, as much as a dog can be generous, it can also be apathetic and even cruel if it does not know the dog well enough. Later on in the study, the dogs were instead paired with a partner they did not know, and in those circumstances, the dogs were ten times more likely to not enable their partners to eat. That might be due to not pressing a mere switch or pulling a lever (Dale et al.). This shows that dogs can be apathetic and even antisocial by ignoring or not even noticing the signs being demonstrated by their partners. This further shows how dogs can convey empathy, because it illustrates these mammals’ ability to choose whether or not to internalize the other mammal’s situation and act upon it. Which shows that dogs possess a higher level of understanding in the ways in which these mammals can express and give empathy. In closing, while dogs can express empathy
Undoubtedly, humans are unique and intricate creatures and their development is a complex process. It is this process that leads people to question, is a child’s development influenced by genetics or their environment? This long debate has been at the forefront of psychology for countless decades now and is better known as “Nature versus Nurture”. The continuous controversy over whether or not children develop their psychological attributes based on genetics (nature) or the way in which they have been raised (nurture) has occupied the minds of psychologists for years. Through thorough reading of experiments, studies, and discussions however, it is easy to be convinced that nurture does play a far more important in the development of a human than nature.