Nanoscale materials have been used for over a millennium such as in Medival Europe where nanoscale gold was used in stained glass and in Damacus where nanotubes were found in blades of swords (National Nanotechnology Initiative, n.d). However, Richard Feynman (Figure 1) of the California Institute of Technology gave what is considered to be the very first lecture, “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" on technology and engineering at the atomic scale, at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech (n.d). Feyman stated in his speech that “When we get to the very, very small world – say circuits of seven atoms – we have a lot of new things that would happen that represent completely new opportunities for design” (Grandall and Lewis, 1992). Later in 1974, the term “nanotechnology” was given to describe precision machining of materials to within atomic-scale dimensions by Professor Norio Taniguchi from Tokyo Science University (National Nanotechnology Initiative, n.d). Moreover, the idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micromachines was suggested to him by one of his doctoral students, Albert Hibbs. Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that it would be theoretically possible to "swallow the doctor"(Discovery, n.d.) Since the 1980’s, medicine has experienced an exciting transfer towards the use of minimally invasive procedures because of the numerous advantages of nanobot technology. The idea of nanorobotics has been explored in Nanomedicine by Robert Freitas (Figure 2) where topics such as sensing, power communication, navigation, maninpulation, locomotion and onboard computation are discussed thoroughly (Freitas, 2003) PURPOSE OF NANOBOTS IN SURGICAL PROCEDURES T... ... middle of paper ... ...uming Nie, and May D. Wang. "Nanotechnology Applications in Surgical Oncology." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Oct. 2010. Web. 09 Apr. 2014. . XIV. Strickland, Jonathan. "What Is the Gray Goo Nightmare?" HowStuffWorks. N.p., 06 Apr. 2010. Web. 04 Apr. 2014. . XV. Weidner, Krista. "Nanomotors Are Controlled, for the First Time, inside Living Cells." Penn State News. N.p., 10 Feb. 2014. Web. 06 Apr. 2014. . XVI. Yarin AL. (2010) Nanofibers, nanofluidics, nanoparticlesand nanobots for drug and protein delivery systems.Scientia Pharmaceutica Central European Symposiumon Pharmaceutical Technology. 78 (3): 542.
...e materials at the nanoscale might include new form of nanobase toxicity. The individuals working with large quantity of nanomaterials need to take appropriate measures to avoid inhalation and ingestion. However, scientists have found silicon o be good for the construction of nanorobots because of its unique properties; durability, flexibility and conductivity. However, silicon cannot dissolve in body fluids. In addition, in medical applications biodegradability is going to be challenge due to the foreign particles inside the body and controlled mobility.
In the article “Pinpointing Cancer Fight,” Liz Szabo states the uses of nanotechnology and how researchers are attempting to use this advancement to fight cancer. She defines that nanotechnology is a type of technology that creates devices on an atomic level; this equipment can allow people such as researchers to use its ability to detect cancerous cells as well as treat them. Szabo remains a neutral tone as she states that while some are against the idea of using nanotechnology since there are many risks, others are optimistic that it may lead to transformational results. She presents a list of some products developed through nanotechnology and explains its usage in addition to mentioning the failure of those nanotech products. Szabo provides
In the novel, Prey, written by Michael Crichton it pertains to the subject of nanotechnology throughout the whole entire book. The main characters of this novel are the
fiction novel from the 1960’s but, in the next decade or so, it may become science fact. Imagine
[25] Jong WH, Borm PJ. Drug delivery and nanoparticles: applications and hazards. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3: 133–149.
The National Nanotechnology Initiative defines nanotechnology as “science, engineering, and technology conducted at a nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.” In a calculative sense, there are 25,400,000 nanometers in an inch and a sheet of newspaper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. A nanometer is a billionth of a meter, putting that into perspective, if a marble were a nanometer, a meter would be the size of the Earth. Due to the miniscule size of the work of nanotechnology, it can be used throughout all fields of science, including chemistry, biology, physics, materials science and engineering to study and apply microscopic objects and abstractions.
...nessing “the power of nanotechnology” to radically change the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent cancer.” The most likely method implemented will by the use of nanovectors for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, and then heating nanoparticles that are attached to cancer cells so that the cancer cells explode. (5, 9) There are still many obstacles that must be overcome before this is a reality: from the ethical concern by some that nanobots will take control of the body to the more practical problem that this method of treatment will be very expensive and funding will be an issue. (6) But with millions of people suffering from some form of cancer, scientists are searching for cures and treatments and nanotechnology offers the greatest promise. One day, cancer may be completely curable thanks to nanotechnology which is something everyone would benefit from.
The use of nanobots makes diagnostic procedures fast and more precise. This also leads to patient experience less invasive and more comfortable procedures. Nurses can implement effective interventions and the give better patient care.
Zhang, B.. "Recent progress in nanoethics and its possible effects on engineering education." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 40: 1-10. Print.
Roberts, A. (2011, March). Nanotechnology: The incredible invisible world, Technology & Engineering Teacher, 70 (6) p10-17
Nanotechnology is defined as the science of design, synthesis and characterization of matter at the nanoscale, which mesures one billionth of the meter [1,2] On that scale, structures exhibit novel chemical, physical and biological properties and processes, which enables the creation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), with various characteristics and potential applications. [3] It’s not just that though. Nanotechnology shows the ability to eliminate the gaps among medicine, material engineering and science, computer technology and public policy, creating new clinical and medical approaches to better diagnose, treat and prevent any kind of illness. In fact, it is already moving from simple passive structures
The most exceptional trait about nanomedicine is its capability of eliminating cancers and tumors. Cancers and tumors have been a major problem for people worldwide, from families being torn apart, loved ones vanishing, and much more. Both being a complex matter to challenge as for many years it has been a problem and the closest thing that was thought to be the answer was chemotherapy. Many people have been wanting the actual cure and now we might have the answer. In the article “Nanomedicine”(2014), Guizhi Zhu, Lei Mei, and Weihong Tan establishes that:
Science that deals with study of materials or any particles that is so small and measured in nanometer scale is called “Nanoscience”. Study about very small particles and its chemical and physical changes at nanoscale is not an easy business. Nanotechnology studies the big picture of those small particles, manipulates them to advance new devices and materials. The name “nanotechnology” was created in year 1974 (Nowack & Bucheli, 2007). But the concept of manipulating Nano particles has been around for centuries mainly in crafting examples are 4th century Lycurgus cup, 13th-18th centuries Damascus saber blades and etc., (Miller et al.,2013). Introduction of nanotechnology was to attain multiple benefits to society in many areas like energy production and conservation, pollution clean-up and medicine. The danger that tags along with this benefiting science does need to be understood before their usage becomes prevalent. Environmental scientists who are concerned about health of organisms and hazard to environment are researching and accessing about toxicity, distribution and fate of the nanoparticles that is released into the environment.
Throughout the years, the technology available has increased drastically. Technology has evolved from the things that were once seen as unbelievable and mindboggling, to common everyday devices and some of which are now a part of us. Thanks to technology we are able to examine and solve problems now that were only a dream to many scientists 25 years ago. As we have increase our ability to use these devices, the developments and progress in artificial intelligence and molecular technology have created a new form of technology; Nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology includes nanorobots which are so small that they can be injected into the human bloodstream after which the nanorobots can do investigations or repair at cellular level. Nanorobots could optimize the delivery of pharmaceutical products, these means that medicines which are targeted on a specific type of cells can be delivered to only those cells by the nanorobots. The robots can attach to the cells after which they can inject the drug into the target cells. This could be a great breakthrough for cancer treatments such as chemotherapy because there is a minimal chance of injecting healthy cells with the drug and therefor negative side effects can be avoided.