In chemistry, an alcohol is in the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms. Important alcohols are the simple acyclic alcohols. Of those, ethanol (C2H5OH) is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, and in common speech the word alcohol refers specifically to ethanol. When it comes to alcohol reactions the functional group of the alcohols is the hydroxyl group –OH. Unlike the alkyl halides, this group has two reactive covalent bonds, the C–O bond and the O–H bond. The electronegativity of oxygen is greater than carbon and hydrogen. The covalent bonds of this functional group are polarized so that oxygen is electron rich and both carbon and hydrogen are electrophilic. The dipolar nature of the O–H bond is such that alcohols are stronger acids than alkanes, and nearly that much stronger than ethers, oxygen substituted alkanes that do not have an O–H group. The most reactive site in an alcohol molecule is the hydroxyl group, despite the fact that the O–H bond strength is significantly greater than that of the C–C, C–H and C–O bonds, showing the difference between thermodynamic and chemical stability (Chemistry).
In order to name the alcohols the same method used for the alkanes is used here too. In order to determine the parent chain the parent chain must be the longest that includes the carbon holding the OH group. The second step for alcohol naming would be to number according to the end closest to the -OH group regardless of where alkyl substituents are. The third step in naming alcohols would be the location of branch, to branch name, to locations of OH group, and then to the parent chain. Then the final s...
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...l, and to 2 propanol. Every type of alcohol has a use to use whether it is to fuel our vehicle, smell good, or clean things they are all very important to us. Methanol is one alcoholic name that we have all come to know thanks to our vehicles. Now days there are cars that can run on mostly ethanol and it is cheaper than gasoline in price. Even when we are pumping gasoline into our car there are labels that says that the gasoline that is being used can contain up to ten percent of ethanol in it. Alcohol naming has a good amount of steps to it and when they are changed and differences are made a new kind of alcohol can be made. Naming alcohols isn’t something that we all will have the knowledge to do, but it feels nice to know that you are among that percentage. Alcohols are very important to our economy and to many other things that we may not even know we are using.
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant it has a huge impact on the lives of a drinker . In small quantities, alcohol results in a mild euphoria and usually removes inhibitions, and is relatively harmless. However, when used in excess, it has the power to change many lives in many ways. Alcohol causes a lot of trouble in a lot of peoples lives not just in the drinkers life. . Some ways it effects peoples lives include alcohol poisoning and alcohol-related traffic fatalities by individuals who are problem drinkers but who are not alcohol dependent. Because alcohol has so many negative effects on a person's mental and physical health, people should avoid the consumption of it altogether.
ester, and we produce the most acid and alcohol. In bottle 3 we still have a good
People have believed in medicinal benefits of alcohol since ancient times, using it to cure snake bites and control disease. Even though the belief has begun to dwindle in the early twentieth century, alcohol was legally manufactured for medic...
There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
Jade Lim is young Asian student with little previous exposure to alcohol. After consuming one and a half Bacardi Breezer’s (1.5 standard drinks) she begins to feel nauseas and has a pulsating headache. It is important to understand the mechanism of action of ethanol in order to determine the potential effects on the patient. This report will investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ethanol.
Disney, Disney, Disney, what are you possibly doing with alcohol in your movies? I decided to do this topic because I just love the idea of something so whimsically innocent and fun being connected to something perceived as so wrong but socially “acceptable”. Or is it? Is alcohol really excepted or is it something we just kind of put up with because people can’t help themselves? I came across this article/page on Buzzfeed.com (n.d.) were a reddit user actually provided how much air time alcohol actually got. In 1991, Beauty and Beast provided a minute and 26 seconds where as in 1986 The Great Mouse Detective came in with a minute and 58 seconds. Dumbo, bless his heart came in a third most time with two minutes and 8 seconds
Chemistry is at the heart of all nutrition. Thus, to truly grasp alcohol, one must know the basic molecular compounds that the body consumes and divides. The most accessible energy resource the body ingests is carbohydrates (rice, beans, breads, pasta, sugar, fruit, etc…). Carbohydrates are made
The competing enantioselective conversion method uses each enantiomer of a kinetic resolution reagent, in this case R-HBTM and S-HBTM, in separate and parallel reactions, where the stereochemistry of the secondary alcohol is determined by the rate of the reactions. When using the CEC method, the enantiomer of the secondary alcohol will react with one enantiomer of the HBTM acyl-transfer catalyst faster than with the other HBTM enantiomer. The mnemonic that identifies the absolute configuration of the secondary alcohol is as follows: if the reaction is faster with the S-HBTM, then the secondary alcohol has the R-configuration. In contrast, if the reaction is faster with the R-HBTM, then the secondary alcohol has the S-configuration. Thin layer chromatography will be used to discover which enantiomer of HBTM reacts faster with the unknown secondary alcohol. The fast reaction corresponds to a higher Rf spot (the ester) with a greater density and a slower reaction corresponds to a lower Rf spot with high de...
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Ethanol is the only alcohol that can be drunk safely and is found in all alcoholic drinks. Throughout this investigation I am going to investigate to different factors that affect the breakdown of an alcohol. [IMAGE]e.g. Methane (HCO) + Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Aim --- I am going to investigate increasing the chain length and see what effect there is on the heat of combustion.
Ethanol has five C-H bonds, one C-O bond, one C-C bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (5 412) + 360 + 348 + 463 = 3231. Propan-1-ol has seven C-H bonds, 2 C-C bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (7 412) + 360 + (2 348) + 463 = 4403. Butan-1-ol has nine C-H bonds, 3 C-C bonds, one C-O bond and one O-H bond therefore the calculation would be: (9 412)
Alcohol is an ethanol containing substance that is a common beverage in many social and private settings. Alcohol is also a teratogen, therefore alcohol co...
Alcohol is a drink that changes people mood in a legal way in most countries. It is a drink that makes the brain not function normally when a person over drinks. Alcohol has many bad effects on our life, and health. On the other hand, it can be used in useful uses such as the medical wipes but it must be used in limited and known quantity.
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol, or most often known as simply alcohol can come in the form of beer, wine, or liquor. A depressant affects the central nervous system although many would believe it to be a stimulant. Many people get more energetic and stimulated but this is only because alcohol affects parts of the brain that control judgment. The stimulate...
Alcohol is a class of organic compounds that is characterized by the presence of one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a carbon atom. Alcohol was unknowingly produced centuries ago when fermentation occurred to crushed grapes (Pines, 1931). In today’s society alcohol is produced for the use of household products such as varnishes, cleaning products, but is more commercially important in the liquor business. A chemical process called fermentation accomplishes the production of ethanol, the alcohol or liquor. From there, the ethanol goes through distinct processes to become the dark and clear liquors on the store shelves.