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existentialism philosophy essay
existentialism criticism
Intro to existentialism
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Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy and school of literature that holds that life is meaningless and chaotic, and any abstract theories about it are useless. All that exists is the world of phenomena as perceived by our senses. Whatever metaphysical concept that lies behind this world is not only impossible to know and understand, but also holds no significant value. The only choice we have to make in life is to accept this world with a kind of determined joy, to discipline ourselves, and to defy the emptiness and the chaos by finding our own meaning in life (“Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4”). Although Haruki Murakami does not directly express any existential views in What I Talk about When I Talk about Running and Norwegian Wood, he is a quintessential existential writer because so much of existentialism involves the working out of private dilemmas. There is much focus on introversion in existentialism, and it can be seen in the lives of Murakami’s characters.
In What I Talk About When I Talk About Running, Murakami was facing the dilemma of participating in a 62-mile ultramarathon that took place every June at Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, Japan (104). According to Murakami, “The runners run around the shores of Lake Saroma, which faces the Sea of Okhotsk. Only once you actually run the course do you realize how ridiculously huge Lake Saroma is” (105). The weather gradually changed from being freezing to being too warm for heavy clothes during the ultramarathon (105). While Murakami was running, he began feeling intense pain in different parts of his body (109). Even so, he felt very happy upon reaching the finish line, not so much pride as a sense of completion (115). Through running, Murakami finds his own meaning...
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... Through perseverance, we overcome obstacles and find happiness in this chaotic world of ours. We find our own reasons to live and we choose to hold our own values. All of these things are tenets of existentialism. There is no purpose in life but what we make for ourselves.
Works Cited
"Friedrich Nietzsche Part 4 - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 25 Sept. 2011.
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Murakami, Haruki. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running. New York: Vintage, 2007.
Print.
Murakami, Haruki. Norwegian Wood. New York: Vintage International, 1987. Print.
"Island of Freedom - Søren Kierkegaard." RobertHSarkissian.com. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.
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Murakami, Haruki, Alfred Birnbaum, and Jay Rubin. The Elephant Vanishes: Stories. (TEV)New
York: Knopf, 1993. Print.
...nyone tries, the individual must make his own decisions, and decide what type of life he or she may live, and they must try to achieve authenticity, even when the present situation is difficult, their attitude will help them achieve this purposeful life.
In the book, Grendel by John Gardner, Grendel shows that existentialism is significant in his life. Many of his decisions are based on the thought of whether they have a meaning behind it or not. He tries to be nihilistic and think that the world has no meaning but he ends up being existentialist as he cares about how his choices will be perceived. There are different characters that have existentialism in their lives which allows them to function throughout their world. This book promotes existentialism because the different main characters take on their unique roles throughout the book and create their own meaning.
“Objection, evasion, joyous distrust, and love of irony are signs of health; everything absolute belongs to pathology.” (Nietzsche 1886) This quote from Beyond Good and Evil, is an example of existentialist purpose, since he is listing parts of life, some of witch can be considered purpose to life, and the consider it a disease, as if he has no purpose. I somewhat agree, because I don’t understand the point in life,¬¬–– there is no point is there. I guess the purpose of living is the everyday family, friends, and trying best to be happy or to make everyone who’s around happy. To be completely honest I’m not sure if there is a purpose, I would think that the main purpose for humankind is to function normally for society. This way we can all insure the well being of others and to keep others alive and well. I would say living in harmony with others would be my purpose. I will know that I have fulfilled my purpose when those around me are happy and at
Existentialism is a philosophical school of thought which contemplates the issues of meaning, life itself, the search for purpose, and how it applies to the humanity. Introduced by Søren Kierkegaard, the father of Existentialism, and coined by Gabriel Marcel in the 40’s, there has since been many philosophers, authors, works, plays, and debates over these principals. Two of the most renowned pieces of existentialist literature are The Stranger by Albert Camus, and The Tunnel by Ernesto Sábato. Both novels deal with two opposite men struggling to find meaning and a place in the world itself, and are widely considered prime examples of an existential hero. But what is an existential hero? How would one describe and determine
The common stereotype that comes to mind when one thinks of an existentialist seems to be a moody philosopher locked in a dark room drinking tea and reading while listening to music from a record player. What people do not realize, however, is how common and widely accepted existentialism has become in our everyday lives. Books, songs, magazines, and billboards display existential ideas; existentialism is plastered across our world. “Imagine all the people, living for today”, sings John Lennon. This is existentialism in its purest form; it is a rejection of hollowness and a call to action for all of mankind. This is why existentialism is so important for our world today; in the midst of social media, terrorism, inequality, and every other significant or trivial issue that we face, we lose our vision. We hope for world peace or good health, but we, ourselves, bully or steal or lie or judge or take our health for granted. We are hollow because we are not choosing mankind; we are not setting an example that we hope every man will follow, so we are met with the despair of a passive hope in a world that we feel we cannot fix. What no one realizes, however, is that our job is not to fix the world, but to fix ourselves so that the world may follow suit. We have acknowledged our rock; we have experienced our hour of consciousness; what we need now is our night of Gethsemane, the moment when each
In the words of Jean-Paul Sartre, existentialism is defined as the thesis that existence precedes essence. [Lecture] It focuses on the issue of existence. As humans, we desire happiness
Existentialism was introduced by a number of philosophers, including Jean Paul Sartre, the “central figure” of existentialism. (Burnham, Douglas) Sartre exclaimed that we are all free, meaning that we may experience the psychological strain of feeling “abandoned”. This forces us to take full responsibility for everything that happens. This unpleasant experience of “abandonment” originates from the realization that there is no God to guide us. It results in the belief that without a guide or role model, there are no values and no morality. Sartre said that everything is permitted because there is no higher power to stop us from doing whatever we want. (Cline,...
The Merriam – Webster Dictionary defines existentialism as a chiefly 20th century philosophical movement embracing diverse doctrines but centering on analysis of individual existence in an unfathomable universe and the plight of the individual who must assume ultimate responsibility for acts of free will without any certain knowledge of what is right or wrong or good or bad (Merriam, 2011). In other words, an existentialist believes that our natures are the natures we make for ourselves, the meaning of our existence is that we just exist and there may or may not be a meaning for the existence, and we have to individually decide what is right or wrong and good or bad for ourselves. No one can answer any of those things for us. A good example of existentialism is Woody Allen’s movie, Deconstructing Harry. A man is haunted by his past and his past has followed him into the present. He is a wreck not because of the things that happened to him, but because of the choices he made. He is consumed by regret and insecurity and he tries to find blame in his situation with someone other than himself, however he cannot (Barnes, 2011). Throughout the rest of this paper I will be discussing two of the most prominent existentialists, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche.
Existentialism is a term that was coined specifically by Jean-Paul Sartre in regards to his own life. Sartre had adopted the Atheistic approach to life and its meaning, and while he was not the first or only one to do so, was the first and only one to come up with a way to describe it. Under Existentialism, man lives without higher power or guidance and must rely solely on himself and what he is aiming to do in order to lead a fulfilling life. This can be anything. Critics of Sartre propose that, because such a vast array of options exists within the meaningfulness of life, this philosophy is obsolete and trivial in nature. This is not true, as it is seen in everyday examples – celebrities, namely – that a thirst
Existentialism is a philosophy that draws attention to individual existence, choice, responsibility, and freedom. The Truman Show directed by Peter Weir and The Stranger written by Albert Camus both contain examples of existentialists. Truman from The Truman Show is a man who’s life is exposed to the whole world. He has lived his whole life on a movie set and is unaware of the real world. Meursault from The Stranger is a man who provides a lack of emotion and thoughts which is considered strange and evil in the eyes of many. Through the choices they make, their alienation from others, and eventually their acceptance that stems from they their dread and anxiety, Meursault and Truman both present themselves as existential heros.
Kreis, Steven. Lecture 12: The Existentialist Frame of Mind. 25 July 2002. The History Guide. 27 Nov. 2002.
(Crowell). Ironically the authors, directors and poets would deny that they are existentialists, because they are existentialists. (Corbett) The authors continued showing features that furthered the belief of their movement. In their eyes, people are free and must take it upon themselves to make rational decisions in a chaotic universe. Existentialists believe that there is nothing more to life since life has no purpose. (Corbett) Life is just where we are right now but we have no real impact to others or this earth. It is all the same if we were dead as if we were alive. This often comes as a realization to existentialist people and often present in existentialist literature about the “reality” of life.The question comes down to, do all human beings believe that they matter in life? This question challenges existentialist belief since life has no purpose. (Corbett) How can we matter in this life if one of the main themes in existentialism is that we have no purpose, it is quite
Existentialism is the epitome of the unknown. There is no straightforward explanation of what exactly it is, there is only certain characteristics and behaviors that describe existentialist views. Throughout today’s world, there are examples of it everywhere, it’s found in movies, books, songs, and just people in general. Existentialists are known to think and do for themselves only. They believe that to understand what it means to be human requires understanding of themselves first. Some very well known pieces of entertainment existentialism is found in are: Hamlet by William Shakespeare, The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Stranger by Albert Camus, and The Breakfast Club by John Hughes. The Stranger is a book written about a young man whose mother dies, which soon leads him to becoming acquainted with the feeling of not caring about what his actions do to others or himself. The main character Meursault starts helping his friend Raymond, carry out ways to torment his mistress. Out of nowhere while at the beach, Meursault shoots Raymond’s mistress’s brother. He is thrown into jail and tried, but he seems to not be affected as much as he should about his actions. He first finds it hard to live without cigarettes, women, and nature, but he soon finds out he doesn’t need any of those. After being sentenced to death, he is suggested to turn away from his atheism but later realizes that human existence has no greater meaning. This realization and acceptance is what truly makes him happy (Camus). Next, The Breakfast Club is a very relatable movie about high school students suffering the consequences of their actions in detention. The kids are all of ...
The miles increased each week and before I knew it, the last long run before the marathon was only twenty miles. Then came the marathon, 26.2 miles of runners’ high, pain, agony, and unstable weather.
Some people will go far in order to get what they want, but how many individuals would be willing to die for the sake of creating their own fate? Deciding one’s meaning of life with sincerity and passion is the core of existentialism. This philosophy plays an integral part in Hemingway’s writing, as well as his personal life. Paradigms of existentialism appear often in Hemingway’s book, The Old Man and the Sea, especially when Santiago, the old man, is determined to fell the great marlin he pursues, wants to prove to Manolin how much of a strange old man he is, and contends against the brutal sharks when there is little chance of him succeeding.