Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae

1483 Words3 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: SCOLERLY ESSAY OF COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Introduction
Streptococcus pneumoniae is Gram-positive bacteria, which takes spherical shape, normally present in the form of pairs. These bacteria exist naturally in the respiratory tract, but it may become a pathogenic bacteria in the event of increased its density. These bacteria associated with different types of infections, such as pneumonia, chronic middle ear infections, meningitis, bacteremia. Pneumonia is one of the six major causes leads to death in the United States and the first reason of death from infectious diseases (Garibaldi, 1995 ; Niederman, et al 1998 cited in American Thoracic Society, 2001). Diseases caused by pneumonia was not previously diagnosed clearly, consequently, the information about its pathological effects based on simple estimates (Garibaldi, 1995 ; Niederman, et al 1998 cited in American Thoracic Society, 2001). Whitney (2000) investigate that strains of bacteria have resistance to antibiotics made treatment more complicated. The main point is pneumococci becoming more resistant to common antibiotics. Whitney (2000) mainly argued that there are dramatic increases in the proportion of pneumococci that are resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents tested. This essay will firstly summarize this article and then follow by foundation and finally will discuss the impact.

Summary
It will be summarized the article of Whitney, (2000) increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae in the United States (Whitney et al 2000). The main point is pneumococci becoming more resistant to antibiotics. In the beginning of the 90s of the past century, the United States was experiencing a serious and worried about the emergence of S. Pneumoniae strains that have a high level of...

... middle of paper ...

...on of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1455-1463.

- Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1737-46.

- Whitney CG, Farley MM, Hadler J, et al. Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia in the United States. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1917-24.

- Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1730–1754.

- Spellberg B, Powers JH, Brass EP, Miller LG, Edwards JE Jr. Trends in antimicrobial drug development: implications for the future. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1279–86.

Show More
Related

  • Contraction and Spread of Streptococcus pyogenes

    1340 Words  | 3 Pages

    S. pyogenes is a bacterium that permeates our society. Today it is commonly known as the cause of “Strep. throat,” or Streptococcal pharyngitis. Modern medicine has caused the eradication of most of its advanced infections, while this most common form of infection still thrives. It is very contagious, and pyogenes travels quickly through places where bacteria flourish, such as schools and health institutions. The body cannot fight this bacterium very well without help, and S. pyogenes was a common cause of death until the introduction of antibiotics in the twentieth century. It has a number of ways to subdue the immune system, but it is almost completely vulnerable to penicillin, even after decades of exposure. While generally no more than a nuisance, this bacterium continues to be an interesting topic of discussion. (6,3,2)

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Antibiotic Resistance

    2449 Words  | 5 Pages

    The natural components of antibiotics have been used as local remedies long before humans understood the reasons why these sometimes-radical treatments worked. Penicillin became the first manufactured antibiotic after physician Alexander Fleming published articles regarding this bacteria-disabling mold in 1928. Come 1932, penicillin was commonly used to treat infected war injuries, saving the lives of unnumbered soldiers (Lewis). Since then, penicillin has b...

    Read More

  • Superbugs Essay

    2729 Words  | 6 Pages

    Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has presented many problems in our society, including an increased chance of fatality due to infections that could have otherwise been treated with success. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, but overexposure to these drugs give the bacteria more opportunities to mutate, forming resistant strains. Through natural selection, those few mutated bacteria are able to survive treatments of antibiotics and then pass on their genes to other bacterial cells through lateral gene transfer (Zhaxybayeva, 2011). Once resistance builds in one patient, it is possible for the strain to be transmitted to others through improper hygiene and failure to isolate patients in hospitals.

    Read More

  • Strep Throat caused by Streptococcal (strep) Bacteria

    864 Words  | 2 Pages

    Group A streptococcus bacteria can be treated with common, inexpensive antibiotics. Penicillin is the drug of choice for both mild and severe disease. In addition to antibiotics, supportive care in an intensive care unit and sometimes surgery are necessary with these diseases. Early treatment may reduce the risk of death although, unfortunately, even appropriate therapy does not prevent death in every case. The spread of all types of group A streptococcal infections may be reduced by good hand washing, especially after coughing and sneezing, before and after preparing foods and before eating.

    Read More

  • The CDC's Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance

    1040 Words  | 3 Pages

    Another campaign developed by the CDC is the Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR). This task force focused on urgent antimicrobial resistance issues and appropriate therapeutic use of antimicrobial drugs in the medical and veterinary communities. Also, prevention of both healthcare- and community-associated drug-resistant infections, and strategies for improving the pipeline of new antimicrobial drugs()

    Read More

  • Is Oral Care an Effective Intervention for Reducing the Incidence of Pneumonia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients?

    695 Words  | 2 Pages

    Hospital-acquired infections (HAI) are preventable and pose a threat to hospitals and patients; increasing the cost, nominally and physically, for both. Pneumonia makes up approximately 15% of all HAI and is the leading cause of nosocomial deaths. Pneumonia is most frequently caused by bacterial microorganisms reaching the lungs by way of aspiration, inhalation or the hematogenous spread of a primary infection. There are two categories of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP); Health-Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP) and Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

    Read More

  • Antibiotic Resistance Essay

    643 Words  | 2 Pages

    In 1928, Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, and botanist, discovered the first natural antibiotic: Penicillin. All of you reading this have at some point in time made use of his discovery. Penicillin antibiotics were among the first drugs to be effective against many previously serious diseases, such as syphilis and infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Antibiotics in general remain one of the cornerstones of modern health care, acting as something we all hope to rely on when we get sick. We could very easily name the 20th century “the age of the antibiotic,” and it would be well deserved, indeed. But time is running out.

    Read More

  • Essay On Antibiotic Resistance

    744 Words  | 2 Pages

    Bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics is a major problem not only for the United States, but worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) the cause is related to “widespread overuse, as well as inappropriate use, of antibiotics that is fueling antibiotic resistance”. According to World Health Organization (2013) resistance is a global concern for several reasons; it impedes the control of infectious diseases, increases healthcare costs, and the death rate for patients with resistant bacterial infections is twice of those with non-resistant bacterial infections.

    Read More

  • Information on Streptococcus Pneumoniae

    732 Words  | 2 Pages

    Todar, K. (2003). Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pneumococcal pneumonia. Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/S.pneumoniae.html (Accessed December 12, 2013).

    Read More

  • Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ( Vap )

    709 Words  | 2 Pages

    However, increasing antibiotic resistance patterns among intensive care unit pathogens, cultivated by empiric-broad spectrum antibiotic regimens, characterizes the variable concerns. Recent literature point that antibiotic use before the development of VAP is associated with increased risk for potentially resistant gran-negative infections and Methcillin-resistant Staphylococcus auereus (MRSA)

    Read More

  • The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

    1427 Words  | 3 Pages

    Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common. This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning to appear. As a result, diseases such as tuberculosis and penicillin-resistant gonorrhea are reemerging on a worldwide scale (1).

    Read More

  • Argumentative Essay On Antibiotic Resistance

    1336 Words  | 3 Pages

    What if there were no treatment for strep throat? Or pneumonia? Or sinus infections? It is hard to imagine life without medicine for these illnesses. But what if the antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections such as strep throat and pneumonia stopped working? What if the bacteria were stronger than the antibiotics? The threat of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is an increasing concern for healthcare providers, and it is important to reduce the misuse and overuse of antibiotics to maintain control of bacterial diseases.

    Read More

  • The Discovery of Antibiotics by Alexander Fleming

    3182 Words  | 7 Pages

    The emergence of Penicillin marked the dawn of the antibiotic era and allowed for diseases which normally ended in death or dysfunction to be eliminated and for people to carry on living healthy lives. It is estimated that 90% of children who had meningitis of the bacterial kind in the pre-antibiotic era would either die or survive the illness with a physical impairment. Strep throat, whooping cough, tuberculosis and pneumonia are among some of the other fatal bacterial diseases which would usually result in a fatality. Antibiotics decreased the mortality rates, and so new antibiotics were formed.

    Read More

  • The History of Vaccine

    1371 Words  | 3 Pages

    The history of vaccine started with the spread of smallpox disease. Smallpox was a contagious disease and, it was spreading fast leaving permanent scars on patients' faces or worse taking their lives. At the time, there were several attempt to treat and prevent smallpox, but Edward Jenner had the greatest rule in eliminating smallpox.“Jenner's work represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by the deliberate use of vaccination”. ( “Conclusion” 1,2). Nowadays, Statistics show significant reduction in the cases of infectious diseases after the widespread of vaccination. There were annually 63,000 cases of Pneumococcal among children in the United States. After the beginning of vaccination, the cases redu...

    Read More

  • The Overuse of Antibiotics

    3053 Words  | 7 Pages

    Thesis: With the advent of antibiotics in 1929 Fleming said, "The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the shops.Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal quantities of the drug make them resistant."With the overuse of antibiotics today we have seen this very idea come to be.Over usage is caused most prevalently by a lack of education on the part of the patient.Thus stated, the way to overcome such a circumstance is to educate, not only the patient but also the physician.

    Read More

More about Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae

Open Document